【作者】 何飞；

【导师】 马钦彦；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 川西地处中国西南生物多样性极其丰富的横断山区腹心地带,地形复杂,地貌多样,海拔高差悬殊,植物区系既古老又年轻,并随着喜马拉雅山不断地隆升不断演化和丰富。目前,川西在植物区系地理学方面尚缺乏系统的调查与研究。本文根据实地采集的9372号高等植物标本和文献资料标本记载资料,结合508个乔木样方、1157个灌木样方、1437个草本样方资料统计分析,研究结果如下:(1)川西共有野生高等植物314科、1402属、7459种(含种下分类单位)。其中,苔藓植物57科150属302种;蕨类植物46科101属453种;裸子植物7科18属69种;被子植物204科1133属6635种;湿地水生维管束植物48科90属184种,其中挺水植物101种,沉水植物40种,飘浮植物16种,浮叶植物27种;珍稀濒危植物44科52属62种;国家重点保护植物32科38属50种;陆生野生植被类型有7个植被型21个群系纲185个群系;水生野生植被类型62个,按生态类型:挺水植物群落30个;沉水植物群落18个;飘浮植物群落6个;浮叶植物群落8个。(2)本文增补了川西植物新记录63种,确定了资料中有名录记载但分布地描述不全的大量植物种在川西的具体分布地理位置。本研究发现2个新种(耧斗菜属、龙胆属)、横断山区新记录1种(圆叶茅膏菜)。(3)论文首次将川西作为一个独立的植物区系地理单元,从科、属、种3个层面系统分析其植物区系的组成、特征、性质、起源以及与其他区系的关系。结果表明川西高等植物类群在科属种3个分类等级上,都具有丰富、复杂、古老、过渡和特有5种特性;研究发现川西植物区系科、属、种之间地理成分性质存在分异现象:即蕨类植物区系科和属以热带成分占优势,而种以温带成分为主;种子植物科以热带成分占主导,而属及种以温带成分为主。本研究认为这种植物区系性质分异现象与喜马拉雅山不断隆升的地质历史有关。(4)依据川西生物多样性信息,基于区域保护植物和保护动物及其所处生态系统,应用优先保护理论,定量分析确定优先保护植物43种、兽类24种、鸟类32种,优先保护生态系统6类;划分了优先保护区域4个:凉山东部区(Ⅰ区)大雪山及太阳山区(Ⅱ区)沙鲁里山中段区(Ⅲ区)石渠色达丘状高原区(Ⅳ区)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Western Sichuan is located in central region of Hengduan Mountains area of Southwestern China, known for its extremely rich biodiversity,complex topography,various physiognomy types,and high elevation difference.The plant flora in this area is ancient yet young,and gets evolutioned and enriched along with the constant uplift of the Himalayas.So far,investigations of floristic phytogeography in Western Sichuan have been rarely documented both in Sichuan Province and China.In this study,the author obtained the following statistics according to 9372 shares of collected higher plant specimens and literatures,combining the field investigation in 508 tree quadrats,1157 shrub quadrats,and 1437 herbaceous quadrats.Western Sichuan harbors 7459 species of wild higher plants with 314 families and 1402 genera (including taxon units under species).Of these species,302 are bryophytes with 57 families and 150 genera;453 are ferns with 46 families and 101 genera;69 are gymnosperms with 7 families and 18 genea;6635 are angiosperms with 204 families and 1133 genera.Aquatic and vascular plants have 184 species belonging to 48 families and 90 genera in wetlands of Western Sichuan,of which 101 are emerged anchored hydrophytes,40 submerged anchored hydrophytes,16 floating hydrophytes,27 floating-leaved anchored hydrophytes;rare and endangered plants sum up to 62 species,belonging to 44 families and 52 genera;the national key protected plants have 50 species with 32 families and 38 genera; the wild terrestrial vegetations have 7 vegetation types,21 formation classes,and 185 formation groups; the wild aquatic vegetations have 62 formation groups,which can be classified,in terms of ecological types,into 30 types of emerged anchored hydrophytes,18 submerged anchored hydrophytes,6 floating hydrophytes,and 8 floating-leaved anchored hydrophytes.This study supplemented 63 new record species in Western Sichuan and 1 in Hengduan Mountains area,discovered 2 new species which belong to the genus of Gentiana and Aquilegia,respectively,and determined the distribution places of many species that have not complete description of distribution before.In this paper,Western Sichuan is analyzed as an independent unit of plant floristics,and from the three levels of family,genus and species of plant taxonomy,the bryophytes,ferns,seed plants,aquatic and vascular plants,national class protective plants in Western Sichuan were discussed,respectively. The composition,characteristics,nature,origin and geographical links of plant floristics(only species analysis to bryophyte) of Western Sichuan were analyzed to determine the basic characteristics,nature, origin of plant floristics and their relationship with other flora.The results indicated that:the higher plants of Western Sichuan,no matter what kind of plants or taxon groups,their floristics have all features of richness,complexity,antiquity,transition and uniqueness;however,a question arises,that is,which are ferns and seed plants dominant in the three levels of family,genus and species on tropical elements and temperate ones.As for fern floristics of Western Sichuan,at the level of family and genus, the tropic elements are dominant,whereas at the level of species,the main ingredients are temperate ones.To floristic elements of seed plants of Western Sichuan,at the family level,the tropical ingredients are more than temperate ones;on the contrary,at the grade levels of genus and species,temperate components are more dominant than tropical ingredients.This phenomenon was thought to be relevant with the geological uplift history of Himalayas and its surrounding regions.Western Sichuan is situated in a hot spot in the world and is one of critical areas for biodiversity conservation,facing up with the dilemma of the rational development and effective protection of biology resources.Based on the biodiversity information of Western Sichuan and the application of priority conservation theory,this paper gave priority to the protective plants,animals and ecosystems of Western Sichuan after quantitative analyses,determined areas and number of organisms for priority conservation,which are 43 species of plants,2 insects,24 mammals,5 fishes,32 birds,2 amphibians;6 categories of ecosystems including partial moist evergreen broad-leaved forest,sclerophylious evergreen broad-leaved forest,spruce forest,fir forest,larch forest,and wetland ecosystems;four areas for priority conservation include the eastern area of Liangshan(ⅠZone),the area of Solar mountain and Daxue mountain(Ⅱzone),the middle area of Shaluli mountain(ⅢZone),and the area of Seda and Shiqu hilly plateau(Ⅳzone).更多还原