【作者】 裘鸿菲；

【导师】 唐学山；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 综合公园是城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,是人们社会生活和精神文明的重要载体,具有社会、经济和环境等多重功能。随着社会发展和时代的进步,一方面,社会发展对综合公园提出了更高的要求:另一方面,城市原有综合公园在自身发展过程中问题凸显,已难于满足现代新型社会大众生活及审美的要求。如何协调综合公园传统景观与现代城市生活变化之间的平衡,已成为传统综合公园发展过程中所面临的主要问题。对这些传统的公园如果采取简单的“拆旧建新”的方法,势必带来巨大的物质浪费,导致传统文化资源的缺失。因此,探讨在新形势下的综合公园改造与更新的策略与方法已迫在眉睫。鉴此,本文旨在通过对我国综合公园改造与更新的典型案例的分析与研究,归纳总结出适合中国国情的综合公园改造与更新的理论与方法,使综合公园重新焕发活力,为城市居民提供新型的现代城市公共空间,使综合公园的发展更加系统化、科学化。本文通过对北京、上海、武汉、杭州等城市的综合公园发展与更新的典型案例的实地调查,综合运用分析比较法和归纳演绎法等研究方法,借鉴相关领域的理论以及国内现代综合公园发展与更新的成功范例,将理论与实践相结合,分析和探讨了我国综合公园改造与更新的策略、手段、方法与途径。论文主要包括以下几个方面的内容:第一,梳理了城市公园的发展脉络,简述了我国综合公园的发展的四个阶段,提出了我国综合公园从封闭到开放,从静态、观赏到动态、参与,从单一到多元的变迁特征;然后分析了我国综合公园现阶段发展中自身所存在的问题,并深入探析了综合公园在发展过程中政策与法规、经济技术、社会生活的影响,指出了综合公园改造与更新的必要性;随后分析了现阶段综合公园改造与更新过程中所出现的一些问题,指出了研究综合公园改造与更新的手段与方法的紧迫性。第二,借鉴相关领域的可持续发展、城市有机更新、场所和文脉、人本主义、生态设计、场地使用后评价等理论,为综合公园的发展与更新奠定了理论基础;在此基础上,借鉴现代城市公园的优秀范例,提出了综合公园改造与更新的目标及方向,既要保存历史内涵,又要体现时代特征。并提出了整体性、保护性、地域特色、以人为本、生态性、时代性等六条基本原则,为综合公园的发展与更新指明了目标和方向。第三,结合典型实例,首先归纳了综合公园改造与更新一般类型和方法,然后分析、探讨了综合公园改造与更新设计的手段与方法。从宏观上分析、探讨了综合公园与城市关系的整合以及内部空间结构的调整:从微观上探讨了综合公园地形、水体、道路和场地、植物、建筑及设施等景观要素的更新。第四,归纳总结了我国综合公园有机更新实现的途径。总结了综合公园有机更新设计步骤,探讨了有机更新的主要设计倾向,然后提出了实施操作的几点建议。第五,综合运用上述所得出的改造与更新的原则、手段和方法对北京青年湖公园、上海蓬莱公园和武汉解放公园的改造设计实例进行了分析和论证。最后,全面归纳总结了我国综合公园发展的主要特征和问题,以及综合公园改造与更新的策略、手段、方法及途径,以期为今后综合公园和城市建设的发展提供可借鉴的改造思路与方法,促进我国人居环境的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With its social,economic and environmental functions,comprehensive park is an important component of urban green land system and vector of social life and spiritual civilization.With the development of society,higher requirement for this kind of park is demanded and some problems of the previous parks were encountered.It is an important issue to coordinate the traditional landscape with the requirement of people’s modern urban life of those parks.If we reconstructed those parks in a brand new way,it will take many expenses and result in lost of traditional culture.Therefore,to inquire how to reconstruct and renewal of the comprehensive park is an urgent issue.Based upon the typical case studies of the reconstruction and renewal of the comprehensive parks in China,this thesis summarized the appropriate theory and methods for the reconstruction and renewal of those parks in China.With the implementation of those actions,the parks will provide new modern urban public apace for residents and the movement could be conducted systematically and scientifically.Based on deep-going investigations on several typical cases in Beijing,Shanghai, Wuhan,Hangzhou and so on,using comparison and analysis methods,some theories in the related fields and the experiences in the successful projects were introduced to discuss the strategy,measures,methods and pathways in the reconstruction and updating of the parks. The main contents could be concluded in following aspects:Firstly,the development context of the urban parks was analyzed,and four stages and characters of the comprehensive park development were summarized.The parks shifted from semi-open to full-open and from simple ornamental purpose to dynamic involvement. The limitations of the park itself in current situation was analyzed,the influence of the policy and regulations,economic and technology,social life on the development of the parks were thoroughly analyzed,and therefore concluded its necessity of reconstruction and updating.Some problems in the reconstruction and renewal were analyzed and the obligations of the research on the measures and methods for reconstruction and renewal of the parks were pointed out.Secondly,some related theories such as sustainable development,organic renovation, place and context,humanism,ecological design and post occupancy evaluation theory were introduced in this study.Based on these theories and excellent cases of modern new urban park,the objectives and directions of reconstruction and renewal of the parks were put forward.The history content should be conserved and modern characters should be expressed at same time during developing and renewal of the parks,and should follow the principles of integrity,protectively,native characteristic,human-oriented,ecological character,times character.Thirdly,taking typical cases as example,the general types and methods of were summed up then the measures and methods were analyzed and explored for reconstruction and renewal of the adjust parks.The overall objectives position,the relation of parks and city conformitying,space structure renewing were explored at macro-scale;the topography, water,roads and field,plant,architecture and crafts,apparatus and other landscape elements were discussed at micro-scale.The measures and methods for reconstruction and renewal of the parks were summarized.Fourthly,the pathways and procedures for reconstruction and renewal of the parks were summarized.The general mode and methods for reconstruction and renewal of the parks were concluded.The general procedures for reconstruction and updating of the parks were summarized,different to new built parks,it is more important to assess post use situations of the parks;Several suggestions on the mechanism of introducing public involvement and maintenance and management of those parks were put forward.Fifthly,taking Youth Lake park in Beijing,Penglai park in Sanghai and Liberation park in Wuhan as typical cases,the reconstruction and renewal of the park was analyzed and assessed by using the principles concluded above.Finally,overall strategies,measures and methods for reconstruction and renewal of the parks were summarized.The new features of renewal and development of the comprehensive parks in China were discussed,in order to provides referential ideas and methods of modification for comprehensive park and the development of urban construction,and promote the sustainable development of our living environment.更多还原