【作者】 孔忠东；

【导师】 徐程扬； 杜纪山；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林培育， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 退耕还林工程是我国最大的生态建设工程,也是世界十大重点林业生态工程之一。本文以位于长江流域的四川省洪雅县和位于黄河流域的陕西省安塞县为主要试验地,同时以其它相关省份的情况作为补充,通过倍差法、层次分析法、主成分分析以及多重比较等数学统计分析方法对退耕还林工程的效益和质量进行了深入研究。本研究的主要内容和主要研究成果:1.通过对退耕还林工程发展阶段的研究,提出了退耕还林工程在实施阶段和成果巩固阶段存在的主要问题,揭示出退耕还林工程效益和质量评价研究的必要性和紧迫性。退耕还林工程实施阶段的主要问题表现在:总体规划滞后、工程建设重点不突出、林草种选择不当、经济林比例限制过死和工程管理各部门协调不力等几个方面:退耕还林工程成果巩固阶段的主要问题表现在:基层要求退耕的强烈愿望与国家政策存在矛盾、巩固工程建设成果的专项资金使用范围不明确和工程管理经费严重匮乏等几个方面。2.运用层次分析法,筛选出反映退耕还林工程效益的37个主要评价指标,建立了退耕还林工程效益评价研究的评价指标体系,并以四川省洪雅县为试验地点进行了深入研究,得出了各个评价指标的权重,建立了退耕还林工程各年度社会影响综合评价指数的数学模型;计算出2006年洪雅县退耕还林工程生态、经济、社会效益以及综合效益的评价指数,分别为:0.5341、0.2332、0.1526和0.9199;以陕西省安塞县为试验地点,通过对退耕还林工程区生态、经济和社会效益的实际监测,测算出安塞县退耕还林工程生态效益总值为22.42亿元,同时对该县经济效益和社会效益也进行了定量和定性的评价。3.以四川、陕西、甘肃3省、6县、18个乡、36个村的355户农户为具体研究对象,对2002工程试点结束后整个工程的实施效果进行了中期评估,提出了政策建议。4.从工程的质量评估、效益监测等退耕还林工程质量和效益评价研究的主要手段入手,提出了两大类、30个退耕还林工程质量质量评估的具体指标,制定了退耕还林工程质量评估的计分标准,并对全国2006年退耕还林工程实施的质量进行了量化评估。5.对工程实施10年来,各27个省级工程实施单位和3000多个县级实施单位的任务量进行了统计汇总,明确了各个工程实施单位的实施规模和所处的位置。得出“退耕还林大省”和“退耕还林大县”的排序结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The conversion of farmland to forest programme(CFF) is the greatest ecological forest programmes in China and one of the ten great ecological forest programmes in the world.Through the way of multiplying-difference method,the analytic hierarchy process,the main composition analysis,multiple comparison and some other ways of mathematic statistics and analysis,the benefit and the quality of the conversion from Cropland to forest project is studied deeply using Hongya county, Sichuan province and Ansai county,Shanxi province as main trial ground,including some other provinces,which is in Yangzi River Valley and Huanghe River valley separately.Main research contents and results:1.The main problems of the project of conversion cropland to forest in diffirent steps are given through the study on development steps of the program.In the meantime,the necessary of the research on the quality and the benefit evaluation of the conversion from cropland to forest is announced.In the first step,the main problems are the overall plan is drop behind,the key point is not clear,the chosen kinds of the tree or the grass are unfit,the scale of the economic forest is limited tightly,the different departments of the project are not identical and some other else.In now days,they are the contradictory between the basic level needing the project and the government’s forbidden,the using scale of the special project money on strengthen the achievement is not clearly,the limited money on management and some other else.2.The analytic hierarchy process is given out,which is reality and feasible,so as to the developing direction of the study through the analysis to the research achievement in now days.3.The index system of the benefit evaluation of project of conversion from cropland to forest,which including 37 main evaluate index,is built through the way of layer analysis and the power weights are clear-cut through the deep research in Hongya county,Sichuan province.The mathematics model of the social effect evaluate index in every year about the project.In the meantime,the evaluate index of ecology,economic,social and comprehensive benefit of CCF in Hongya county in 2006 is calculated out,which is 0.5341,0.2332,0.1526 and 0.9199.On the other hand,the total economic benefit value in CCF of Ansai county,which is 2242000000 yuan,is countied through the complete monitoring to the project in the locality.The economic and social benefit is judged from the number and the character too.4.The benefit evaluation of project of conversion from cropland to forest in middle after the experimental period in 2002 is accomplished and the suggestion about the project is given using multiplying-difference method,which uses 355 farmer households in 36 villages,18 towns,6 counties of Sichuan,Shanxi and Gansu province as real research object.5.The real substance and method of the quality and the benefit evaluation of conversion from cropland to forest is come out from evaluation,benefit monitoring and other main ways of the study on the quality and the benefit evaluation of CCF.The marks standard of the quality evaluation in CFF is laid down,which include 2 types,30 kinds of specific index,and the quality of CCF in 2006 is evaluated. The first five provinces are Inner Mongolia,Guizhou,Hunan,Gansu and Chongqing.更多还原