自恋时代：大众文化中的疾病隐喻研究

【作者】 常凌；

【导师】 张志忠；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 当下大众文化的疾病隐喻研究尚属空白。疾病隐喻属于人类最基础思维方式之一,大众文化则起着强大的意识形态作用,在二者的交叉带蕴含着丰厚的研究价值。本文在梳理归纳疾病主题文本的基础上,以症候阅读方法分析疾病背后的道德、审美等方面的隐喻和隐喻发展形成的意识形态、美学风格,以及大众对隐喻的态度和二者之间的互动关系。论文通过对疾病的文化隐喻解读,总结时代人格的自恋主义特征,观照当代人的心灵迷宫,烛照辨识那些黑暗的歧路之处,以助困顿的灵魂找到出口。在大众文化产品中,常见医与病现象有失忆症、多重人格紊乱、精神病患与医生、精神病院、整容、暴食厌食症、解剖术、器官移植、残障者、阳痿、变性、女性性畸、恋童癖、虐恋、恋尸癖、抑郁症、自闭症、白血病等。总体来看,疾病隐喻可以从五个维度来总结:“自我”的虚幻与分裂、对自我镜像的迷恋、性与爱的扭曲、侵凌性本质、对情感的过度需求,这些也正是拉康式自恋人格的本质特征表现。因此,本文从这自恋的五个特征出发设置了五个章节来论述,加上介绍拉康自恋学说的首章,论文共有六章:1,首先介绍论文要使用的自恋理论。自恋是一种认同方式,主体误认镜像为己身,对其进行想像的自恋认同,建构为“自我”。主体与生俱来的残缺和分裂决定了本质的侵凌性,侵凌性与自恋认同构成的张力关系推动人一生的心理发展。2,以失忆症、多重人格紊乱、精神病现象来讨论自恋人格的“自我”的虚幻和分裂,认为“自我”因其建构性是一种机制。失忆症隐喻的是对“自我”虚幻性的猜疑和试探,也是对“自我”依赖性的体现。多重人格紊乱叙事以疾病为掩护,对“自我”进行改写。3,讨论自恋的突出特征即对自我之“像”的关注,“像”指主体进行自恋认同的镜中人像。整容术、暴食厌食症是对“像”的迷恋,大众自身的误读对瘦身狂热应负有责任;另一面则是对分裂和变形之“像”的恐惧情结,解剖、移植的非正常人形意象成为刻画惊悚的手段。4,通过性畸变、性变态来研究自恋时代的性和爱的变动。阳痿体现了超我中传统权威的消失,作为女性性畸的阴齿则是女性自我畸形的体现;恋童癖叙事暴露了自恋者的“自我”虚弱本质;虐恋与恋尸癖并非低级色情,而是以另类方式探讨了爱欲从异化中解脱的可能。5,解读了言情作品中的残障者与无条件之爱的一体化现象,指出背后蕴含的自恋主义的侵凌性本质。残障者的言情叙事是一种隐蔽性很强的权力话语。“色情”电影以对残障者爱欲的直率描述对此进行了反拨。6,分析自恋主义者出于侵凌性本质而产生普遍焦虑感,渴求过度关爱,以情感消费为疗慰手段得到满足。大众文化对抑郁症、自闭症、白血病的编码制造的情感消费产品,和各种医与病美学风格的个性商品成功迎合了自恋大众的消费需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a blank of study on illness as metaphor in mass culture of the day.There is much significance at crossroads of illness as metaphor that’s a basal mode of thinking and mass culture that’s a strong ideology.On the basis of filled blank,this paper analyzes illness as moral and aesthetic metaphors with symptomatic reading,how these metaphors came to ideology and aesthetics,and the mass’ attitude to metaphors,the reciprocal relationship between the mass and metaphors.The purpose of this study is to find out exit in labyrinth of the era’s personality through lightended the dark and confusing infinite loop.There are most common medicine and diseases in cultural products,what follow are amnesia,DID(dissociative identity disorder),psycho,psychiatrist,madhouse,cosmetic operation,psychogenic overeating,anorexia,anatomy,grafting,handicapped person, melancholia,autism,leukemia,impotence,degeneration,vaginal teeth,pedophilia,S & M, necrophilia.These metaphors of illness could be summarized on five dimensions:"I" is fanciful and divisive,obsession on mirror-image,deformity of love & sex,the aggressive essence,excessive demands for love,these are substaintial symptoms Lacan’s narcissistic personality.Therefore,this paper setup corresponding five chapters,in addition one chapter introduce Lacan’s philosophy.1,Narcissism is an identification in Lacan’s philosophy.Subject take for mirror-image as I through narcissistic identification.The essence of narcissism is the desire seeking for nothing forever.Subject’s born fragmentation decided his nature aggression.Aggression and narcissistic identification constructed tension that impulsed people’s psychogenic development in lifetime.2,I constructed by narcissistic identification was mechanism.Amnesia as metaphor was suspicion and test to imaginary I,however,it was dependence on I more.DID as metaphor rewrote I,however,the rewriting was weak because of pretence of disease.3,Obsession and fear about image.Image was the mirror-image that subject take for I by narcissistic identification.Cosmetic operation,psychogenic overeating,anorexia were obsession about image.The masses’ misreading was in charge of fanaticism of lost weight. The fear complex for splited and deformed human image,so,anatomy and grafting became measures to characterization of horror style.4,Deformity of love & Sex.Impotence and castration embodied the disappearance of traditional authority in super ego.Vaginal teeth were prefer deformity of female ego more than feminism.Pedophilia narration exposed narcissis’s weak nature.S&M and necrophilia in cyber writings and cult movies weren’t vulgar and erotic.Those text discussed probability of love & sex get free from the alienation hrough surrealism.5,It is an aggression of the mass and a hidden hegemony discourse that disabled people and unconditional love became one.There was a rebellion against hegemony discourse in pornographic movies straight narration about sex and love of disabled couple.6,Emotional consumerism brought satisfaction for narcissis’s chase for redundant love and anxiety were defence on aggression.Melancholia,autism,leucemia girls were coded as the popular products by mass culture gradually,meet the narcissistic masses’ wants successfully.更多还原