抗日战争时期中共在职干部教育研究

【作者】 王艳春；

【导师】 王树荫；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 抗日战争时期的在职干部教育在中共干部教育史上是非常成功的。它在极其艰苦的环境中,培养、提高了绝大多数干部的政治、理论、文化水平和业务能力,为抗战胜利提供了人才保证,也为解放战争和新中国建设储备了大批优秀人才。对这段历史进行分析与研究,不仅可以重现抗战时期在职干部教育的辉煌,而且对于在职干部教育事业的发展具有极为重要的理论与实践意义。中国共产党历来重视在职干部教育,在建党初期和大革命时期,尚在幼年时期的党就开始了对在职干部教育的探索,经过土地革命时期的发展,在职干部教育初具规模。在早期的在职干部教育实践中,形成了思想政治教育放在首位、教育为革命战争服务、倡导马克思主义学风等重要思想,为抗战时期在职干部教育的成功开展奠定了理论基础。全面抗战爆发后,民族矛盾上升为国内的主要矛盾,中共的相关政策和斗争方式发生了重大变化,需要重新教育在职干部。新的革命形势的发展对在职干部的数量和质量提出了更高的要求,加强在职干部教育尤为迫切。为保证在职干部教育的成功开展,中共坚持以共产主义思想为指导,以《实践论》、《矛盾论》为哲学基础,以国防教育为教育方针,坚持“干部教育第一”的战略思想和德才兼备的培养目标。同时,坚持理论与实际相结合、针对性与实效性相结合、教育与生产劳动相结合等重要原则。在科学思想的指导下,逐步形成了包括思想、政治、理论、业务、文化在内的全面务实的教育内容与自主学习、民主研讨、巡回教学、“小先生制”等灵活多样的教育方法。这一时期,在职干部教育历经普遍发动、提高质量和整风改革等三个重要阶段,日益成熟和完善。在教育实践中,中共积累下许多宝贵经验,其中,党的高度重视、健全的组织系统、设置教员和指导员、适时地督导检查、干部的自身努力是教育取得成功的重要经验。由于当时主客观条件的限制也存在一些局限,对在职干部教育造成了一定的阻碍和延误。主要表现为“丙类干部”教育相对薄弱、教条主义在一定范围内存在、教育中存在轻视学习的现象等等。通过对抗战时期在职干部教育经验和局限的分析与总结,可以从中得到对新时期在职干部教育的诸多借鉴和警示。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the anti-Japanese war, the education of the cadre in work was very successful in the history of the Communist Party of China cadre education. under the extremely hard environment, It had cultivated and improved the politics、theory、culture level and professional competence for most of cadre, offering the talent assurance for the victory of the anti-Japanese war and reserving a flood of excellent talent for emancipating war and building the new china. Analyzing and researching the history, it is not only reappeared the glorious achievement of the education of the cadre in work during the anti-Japanese war but also will have important theory and practice sense for the development of the education of the cadre in work.The CPC had been always attaching importance to the education of the cadre in work. At the infancy of establishing and the great revolution period, the party which was at childhood had began to explore the education of the cadre in work, through the development of the land revolution period, it had initially formed scale. In the early education of the cadre in work, much significant idea was formed such as the education of ideology politics put the front、education serving for the revolution、promoting the Marxism style of study etc, which established the theory foundation for the successful progress of the education of the cadre in work in the anti-Japanese war. After that the anti-Japanese war was broke out completely, the national contradiction rised the civil major one.The CPC’s interrelated policy and the way of fight took place serious change, the cadre in work were needed to be re-educated. The development of the new revolution situation posed the further high request for the quantity and quality of the cadre in work. It was especially urgent to intensify the education of the cadre in work.In order to carry out the education of the cadre in work successfully, The CPC insisted on taking the communism ideology as instruction, regarding the <The Theory of Practice> and <The Theory of Contradiction> as philosophy base, taking the national defense education as educational policy, persisting on the strategy thought of the cadre’s education firstly and the training aim of having both ability and integrity. At the same time, insisted on the important principles included combining theory and reality、integrating pertinence and practical results、linking education and physical labor and so on. Under the scientific idea direction, it was formed gradually the overall and actual effect educational content included idea、politics、theory、business and culture and the flexible diverse educational method contained the own study、democratic discuss、making circuit of teaching and the system of the little teacher.The education of the cadre in work had experienced three major phases consisted of the universal mobilizing、improving quality and rectification reform in the period.In the course of educational practice, much valuable experience was accumulated by the CPC, including the high importance of party、the system of sound organization、establishment of the institution of teacher and instructor、the timely supervise and check、the cadre self effort and so forth. But, there were some limitations because of the restriction of subjective and objective condition, which impeded and delayed the development of the education of the cadre in work. The limitation exhibited the aspects such that the education of the third kind cadre was weak relatively; the dogmatism existed in the some range; there was the phenomenon that study was disdained etc. Throng analyzing and summarizing the experience and defect of the cadre’s education in work in the anti-Japanese war, much reference and caution will be obtained for the education of the cadre in work in new period.更多还原