新时期农村妇女政治参与研究

【作者】 张家智；

【导师】 聂月岩；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 中国社会自20世纪中期以来,农村妇女经历了两次解放历程:第一次即中国共产党领导完成了新民主主义革命,推翻了阶级压迫,农村妇女得以摆脱在社会经济中所处的边缘地位,她们开始以极大的热情投入到经济与社会建设中来。但由于这种解放并没有触及到农村最根本的经济结构,农村经济仍然是自然经济,并且由于国家实行的计划经济体制强有力的控制,造成了农村妇女对计划经济严重而深刻的依附。这种依附性表现在经济上,就是她们缺少从业的自主权,经常处于被动和被支配的地位;表现在政治上,就是习惯于等待和服从上级的指令,从而缺乏政治参与的积极性和主动性。第二次即中国共产党十一届三中全会以来推行的轰轰烈烈的农村改革,将中国农村全面地推向了市场,也使广大农村妇女逐步走出了依附状态。她们开始自主地从事农村经济活动,极力摆脱自身的束缚,并积极地投身于农村的政治改革,并且表现出了相对的独立性。这种独立性表现在经济上,就是逐步拥有了从业的自主权;表现在政治上,就是她们政治参与的积极性、主动性和创造性不断地增强。因此,在一定的程度上可以这样说,她们逐渐地与男性农民处于平等的竞争地位。与此同时,伴随着我国城镇化、工业化和现代化的快速推进,农村青壮年劳动力大规模地转移,农村劳动力结构正出现妇女集中的趋势,广大妇女在新农村建设和农业生产中处于越来越重要的位置。但是,我们也应该看到,由于传统观念与现实发展条件的客观局限,农村妇女的发展仍面临着许多困难和障碍,需要继续引起全社会的关注和国家政策的特别支持,特别是在她们的政治参与方面,目前我国广大农村妇女在村民自治组织中仍处于弱势。在我国社会全面进入转型期的这个大背景下,本文作者首先阐述了新时期中国(农村)妇女政治参与的理论基础,紧接着考察了新时期中国(农村)妇女政治参与的历史进程;正视了新时期农村妇女政治参与的现实;强调了新时期农村妇女政治参与的必要性,并就如何促进新时期农村妇女的政治参与给出了自己的建议与对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the medium term of the 20 century,The Chinese rural women have experienced twice liberation:The first time is the Communist Party of China had accomplished new-democratic revolution , had overthrown class oppression , the rural women managed to shake off the border position in the economy , and spare no effort when they were engaged in the society construction. But this liberation didnot change the pattern of the Chinese rural economic, the rural economy is still the natural economy, so that the rural women had been controlled ,under the planned economy , the rural women hadto cling to it deeply. Their nature behaviour was to be short of the decision-making right ,when they got to look for a job, they often were in the position passive and being controlled; they were often show being accustomed to waiting for the instruction by the higher authority and obeying on politics, then they were short of participation in political affairs enthusiasm and initiative thereby.Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the C. P. C , The Chinese rural areas has been pushed into marketplace , The Chinese rural women has also stepped off their clings to the planned economy. They have begun to be engaged in the rural economy activity autonomously, have done their’s utmost to shake off the fetters of themselves , have devoted themselves into and the political reform and various economic development in rural area actively , have shown their relative independent character. This independent character is shown on the economy , they have their own decision-making right and get a job step by step; they begin to show enthusiasm、initiative and creativeness,and participate in government and political affairs on politics. Therefore, we can say ,to this degree, they are in the position competing equally with the male sex peasant.While the China is being industrialized and modernized, the rural area young adult labour force begin to make a living in the city on a large scale ,the rural area structure of the labour force begins to change ,they are more and more important,the rural women play a large role in the countryside, not only giving birth to a child ,but also in the new rural construction and agriculture. But at the same time ,We must also objective the fact:Fall in the effect of the traditional ideas and the reality developing condition, the development of the rural a women is still confronting with a lot of difficulty and obstacle , they are still need the entire society’s attention and special policy of our country ,Especially in the field of participation in political affairs, the rural women is still in the weak power in the Chinese Villager AutonoyUnder this b background ,at first,the author has set forth the rationale of the Chinese rural women ’s participation in political affairs ,then proceed to inspect the course of the history of the Chinese rural women ’s participation in political affairs;Straightened the reality of the new period rural women ’s participation in political affairs ;emphasized the significance of the rural women ’s participation in political affairs; at last, he given out his countermeasures and suggestions on how to promote the rural women ’s participation in political affairs更多还原