【作者】 曹庆雷；

【导师】 葛春林；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 总结沙排运动员的弹跳特征,发现和国外优秀运动员在弹跳上的差距,对于改进训练方法、提高训练效果具有一定现实意义,同时也是我国科技奥运思想的具体体现之一。本文主要采用录象解析、肌电测量等方法对国家队、八一队和北京体育大学校女排的部分队员进行了研究,研究结果表明:1我国女子沙滩排球运动员平均身高为1.80m,平均体重为67kg,平均年龄为22.31岁,和我国排球运动员、国外优秀沙滩排球运动员相比,表现为相同的身高、体重特征,表明我国女子沙滩排球队已具备了世界优秀沙滩排球队的形态(身高、体重)基础:在年龄特征上和我国女子排球运动员相同,但平均年龄低于国外优秀女子沙排选手。2具有明确的身高组合现象是沙滩排球不同于室内排球的一个明显特征。我国女子沙滩排球队是一种较为理想的队伍组合类型。3影响我国女子沙滩排球运动员弹跳的因素有起跳功率、时间、速度、下肢肌群力量、腰腹肌力量、摆臂方式以及沙地特性、阳光、风等。4我国女子沙滩排球运动员在扣球起跳中的动作类型有5种,除两步助跑外,后仰起跳和跑动中起跳使用较多;70%沙排运动员在扣球进攻前有观察对方防守情况和场地空当的特征动作;在一场比赛中有40%多的拦网起跳是“假跳”,这一特点和排球比赛的拦网有明显区别。5我国8名女子沙滩排球运动员扣球滞空时间0.53s,和国外优秀沙排运动员相比有差距;扣球重心上升高度为0.34m,扣球高度2.8-2.9m左右,和我国女排的扣球高度3.13m相比差距明显。6我国女子沙滩排球运动员在比赛中能量供应系统及其相互比例和排球运动员的基本一致;在比赛中的弹跳负荷为平均每局起跳51次,扣球80%起跳点是在距网1—1.5m处;起跳范围主要在直径3.2m。7沙排运动员区别于排球运动员的弹跳特点为:沙排拦网队员的弹跳不是要跳得最高,而是要移动稳、空中身体稳定、起跳快,以及快速的拦网后转身的能力。8国家队和八一队的7名沙滩排球运动员的表面肌电特征都较稳定,弹跳优势腿表现出了稳定肌肉训练水平,扣球和拦网技术动作较稳定,但个体之间的表面肌电特征不完全相同。沙滩排球运动员和排球运动员弹跳的下肢肌肉表面肌电特征也不完全相同。9股四头肌在沙排运动员的弹跳中是起主要作用的肌群,是沙排运动员弹跳肌肉特点的共性,腓肠肌、半腱半膜肌、臀大肌兴奋性高是个性和差异性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sum up the bouncing characteristics of the athletes,and found the difference with that of foreign athletes in the bounce,for improving training ways so to enhance the effectiveness of training has a practical significance,and as the same time it is also one concrete manifestation of the China’s scientific and technological thinking of the Olympics is.This article mainly used the methods of record analyze,SMEG measurement to study some players of country team,BA-YI team and BSU volleyball team,the results are:1 The average height of China’s women beach volleyball players isl.80m,the average weight is 67kg,the average age is 22.31 years,and compared with volleyball player in China,and foreign beach volleyball athletes,China’s women beach volleyball players have the same height,weight characteristics,it shows that the women’s beach volleyball team has the same form(height,weight) basis compared with the world’s best beach volleyball team.But the average age is less than that of foreign top ranked player and China’s women beach volleyball players.The height and weight ratio higher than that of our volleyball players,which is lower than foreign beach volleyball athletes.2 With a clear height of the combination is different from indoor volleyball beach volleyball is an obvious characteristics.China’s women’s beach volleyball team is an ideal combination of the type.3 The impact factors on bouncing off of China’s women beach volleyball players are the take off power,timing,speed,lower limb muscle strength,back muscle strength,arm and the way properties of the sand,sun,wind,and so on.4 There are 5 types of the take-off of China’s women beach volleyball players in spike,with the exception of two-step run-up,the use of back off and running in take-off more;there are more than 70%athletes have the characteristics action of Observation other’s defense space before attack;there are more than 40%of the take-off block is "jumping off",and the characteristics of which is a clear distinction.5 The over time of 8 China’s women beach volleyball players in spike is 0.53s,the gap is obvious compared with foreign excellent athletes;the height of center of gravity raise for the 0.34m,the spike height is about 2.8-2.9m,and Compared to China’s women’s volleyball spike height 3.13m,the gap is significantly.6 China’s women beach volleyball players’ energy supply system and the relative proportions in the game is almost the same as volleyball players;in the game bounce for the average load board to take off 51 times,spiking 80%of the take-off point in the network from 1 to 1.5m;the main range of take-off is 3.2m in diameter. 7 Beach volleyball players’ bounce different from the volleyball players:beach volleyball’ block of the players are not jumping to the highest jump,but steady movement,the stable body in the air,fast take-off,as well as the rapid turn around after the block.8 The national team on BAYI and 7 of the team beach volleyball player of the characteristics of the surface electromyography are more stable,bouncing leg to show the advantages of stability,muscle training,technical spike and block movement more stable, but between the individual characteristics of the surface electromyography Not exactly the same.Beach volleyball players and volleyball players bouncing on the surface of the lower limbs muscle EMG is not exactly the same characteristics.9 Quadriceps in the beach in bouncing play a major role in the muscles,the sand is ranked player bouncing the common characteristics of the muscle,the gastrocnemius muscle, tendon-muscle membrane and a half,and the gluteus maximus is the personality differences. Gastrocnemius,semitendinosus muscle membrane and a half may be too strong impact on beach volleyball athletes ability to bounce.更多还原