【作者】 王宏；

【导师】 田麦久；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育运动训练学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 音乐伴奏难美项群高水平选手的参赛结果取决于参赛过程中自身发挥、对手表现、和评判过程三元因素的影响和作用,参赛选手“自身发挥”系统为可控系统,“对手表现”系统为可干扰系统,“裁判行为”系统为可影响系统。研究表明,对三元因素的子系统而言,具有不同的可控水平:依其影响度大小排序,依次为“自身发挥”、“裁判行为”、“对手表现”。由于本项群不同项目间的参赛项目人数、自身准备的情况和国际参赛的实力存在着差异,这种影响比例在一定范围内会呈现出动态变化的特征。音乐伴奏难美项群的共同内在结构特征为:难度、美感和音乐,而这共性特征的表现形式决定了运动员竞技能力的表现形式必须通过成套动作体现。难度是本项群高水平运动员体现专项竞技能力的标志和训练内容的核心,是比赛获胜的关键;美感是本项群区别于其它项群的重要本质特征之一,通过紧密围绕主题、动作与伴奏音乐巧妙融合、并借助身体能力展示来共同实现的;音乐是规则明确规定的参赛因素,它服从于成套动作的整体结构和编排特点,对提升成套动作完成的艺术效果起到重要的作用,在成套动作的完成过程中严格控制着完成的节奏和情感的表达。音乐伴奏难美项群自身发挥系统的可控因素包括:成套价值、难度选择、训练组织、专项储备和参赛心理。对自身发挥系统控制的核心问题,是实现对自身发挥系统状态变化的最佳定向控制,要实现系统最佳化控制,除了在不同时期考虑不同目标的施控途径特征,同时必须在施控过程和施控技巧这对时空因素上获得协同效果。比赛过程中应针对对手的参赛心理特征在不违背体育道德的前提下施加合法干扰,促使其产生消极的内扰动,以求达到分散对手注意力、扰乱对手的最佳唤醒水平、引发其产生认知焦虑情绪的效果,从而实现限制对手表现系统的发挥。裁判员是执法行为的主体,是对比赛结果影响作用最大的非可控因素。裁判员赛前对参赛选手的主观印象通过选手自身表现的参赛实力、特长技术和明星气质等信息局限性、阶段性感知而形成的。在比赛过程中强力展示和战术放大自身表现系统中的亮点与优势,可给裁判员留下强弱对比的深刻印象,是获得有利裁判倾向得有效因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Competition results of diffficulty-artistic event-group with music accompaniment are complexly lying on self exertion,adversary demonstration and judge behavior three factors influence and action during the competition process.Self exertion can be controllable system,adversary demonstration can be disturbing system, and the judge behavior can be influence able system.The research indicates that three subsystem factors has different contronerable levelConstruction of difficulty-artistic event-group with music accompaniment appearance three main characters:Difficulty,Beauty,Musicality.Because of these,the athletes’ competitive ability must through the competition routine for expression.Difficulty is the sign of athletes’ competitive ability,the core of training system,the key for pulling off the event.Beauty is the genius character of Difficulty-Artistic Event-Group knowing from the other ones.Tightly enclosing the theme,felicity inosculating the music,in virtue of competitors’ ability,competition routine makes the beauty to reality.Music is the definitude competition’s factor by the code of point,must effectively enhance the routine and give an advantage to the individual competitor’s characteristics and style,and strictly control the movement rhythm and give a natural feeling and flow.Self exertion system includes routine value,elements selection,training organization,and ability repertory and competition psychology five basic factors.The aim for controlling is made the self exertion system estate changes directional to the best.Different estate control track show different manners,and it must cooperate control skill with control process obtain the space-time effect.During the competition process,disturbing the adversary demonstration psychology should without prejudice to the sports moral and the rules.Urging the adversary come into being negative inside harassing,in order to distract from attention,disturb the best awakening,solicitation anxiety emotion,for restricting antagonist’ exertion.Judge is the most affecting factor for the competition result;it cannot be control but can be influenced. Positive impression can be made by tactics magnifying the self exertion.That will be good ingredient for judge psychology tendency for judge actions.更多还原