【作者】 曾云贵；

【导师】 王安利；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 目的:以脾脏自主神经调节环路为研究主线,分别从高级中枢、低级中枢和脏器3个层面研究有氧运动对脾脏自主神经系统内各种神经递质的影响,并结合脾脏免疫功能的变化,分析免疫和自主神经两者之间的关系,探讨长期参加有氧运动增强机体免疫机能的自主神经机制。方法:以健康雄性SD大鼠为实验对象,分为中等强度游泳组(简称运动组)和安静对照组(简称对照组),运动组游泳训练8周(6次/周,1～2h/次,每2周单次游泳时间递增0.5h)。应用高压液相色谱—电化学检测法和生化比色法分别分析血液、神经组织和脾脏组织中的儿茶酚胺和乙酰胆碱酯酶含量,应用氨基酸自动分析仪检测神经组织中的氨基酸类神经递质含量,以脾脏系数、脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力、血液T淋巴细胞亚型等指标反映脾脏的免疫机能。通过组间比较,探讨长期参加有氧运动对脾脏免疫功能的影响及其内在机制。61～70岁身体基本健康的老年妇女按照有无有氧锻炼习惯划分为有氧运动组和习惯久坐组,比较各组的血常规、血中抗体和补体水平、血液T淋巴细胞亚型、血液儿茶酚胺和乙酰胆碱酯酶、以及心率变异性(HRV)等指标,分析长期有氧运动对脾脏免疫机能和脾脏自主神经调节功能的影响,并分析两者之间的相关性,为探讨有氧运动增强机体免疫功能的自主神经机制提供进一步的实验证据。结果:与对照组大鼠相比,运动组的脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖能力提高,血液CD4+比例、CD4+/CD8+上升,提示脾脏介导的免疫功能提高。运动组大鼠下丘脑结节部兴奋性氨基酸含量下降,抑制性氨基酸含量上升,儿茶酚胺含量下降,脊髓中间外侧柱兴奋性氨基酸含量下降、兴奋性氨基酸/抑制性氨基酸下降、儿茶酚胺含量降低,脾组织内NE含量降低,提示有氧运动组大鼠的脾脏交感神经调节通路的兴奋性受到抑制。与习惯久坐的老年妇女相比,有氧锻炼组老年妇女具有较低的外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞比例和较高的CD4+/CD8+比值。有氧锻炼组老年妇女的心率整体变异程度增大,交感神经和迷走神经之间的均衡性向迷走神经方向倾斜,并且机体免疫功能与自主神经功能存在紧密的相关性。结论:长期参加有氧运动可增强脾脏的免疫功能,其机制可能与长期有氧运动应激作用下,脾脏交感神经调节通路的兴奋性受到抑制有关,这种抑制作用在脾脏自主神经调节环路的中枢和外周均可以发生,并且涉及氨基酸能神经、儿茶酚胺能神经和胆碱能神经。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purpose:Taking autonomic nerves system of spleen as main line of research, frome three aspects(superior center,inferior center and organ) to study the effect of aerobic exercise on some kinds of neurotransmitter in autonomic nerve system,and combined the changes of immunological function of spleen to analyze the relation of immune and autonomic nerve system.Accordingly,from the aspect of autonomic nerve system to study the mechanism of aerobic exercise increasing immunological fucinon,wich will richen body building theory of aerobic exercise.Methods:With the healthy male SD rat as the subject,the experiment divides the SD rats into exercise group(swim) and control group(quiet).The exercise group swim free from load(6 times/week,1～2h/time,the endurance incease 0.5h by each 2 weeks,8 weeks in all).The experiment analyses the esterase volume of Catecholamines and Acetylcholine in blood,nervous tissue and spleen tissue by way of Chromatography With Electrochemical Detection,detects the volume of aminophenol nervoustransmmiter in nervous tissue by way of automatic amino acid analyzer,and reflects the immunity function of spleen by using the spleen index,the cabability of T lymphopoiesis of spleen,the sub-T lymphocyte of blood.So it can look into the inner mechanism of lasting aerobic exercise to spleen immunity function.With healthy women of 61～70 years old as the subjects,the experiment divides them into aerobic exercise group and lasting-sit group by whether have the habit of aerobic exercise.By contrasting the difference of the blood routine,the antibody in blood,the sub-T lymphocyte of blood,the Catecholamines and Acetylcholine in blood,and Heart Rate Variability,the experiment analyses the influence lasting aerobic exercise makes to spleen immunity function and the autonomic nervous regulative function,and analyses the relationship between them,then it can provide further experimental proof for looking into aerobic exercise improving the autonomic nervous mechanism of body immunity function. Results:After the experiment,by contrast with the control group of rat,the proliferative cabability of spleen T lymphosyte is improved,the rate of blood CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ are increased in exercise group,which means 8 weeks’ moderate intensity swim can improve the spleen-mediated immunity function.The volume of stimulant amino acid in the hypothalamic tuberal part of rat is dcreased,the volume of rejective amimo acid increased,the volume of Catecholamines drceased,the volume of the stimulant amino acid in spinal cord intermediolateralis,the rate of stimulant amino acid and rejective amimo acid,and the volume of Catechomamones dcreased,the volume of NE in spleen tissue dcreased,all of which means the irritability of sympathetic nervous circulus in spleen is restrained.By contrast with the women in lasting-sit group,it is found that the women in aerobic exercise group have the lower rate of peripheral blood CD8+ and T lymphosyte and higher rate of CD4+/CD8+.The difference of Heart Rate Variability in both group is obvious.It is concluded the whole heart rate variation dgree of old women is increased,the turgor variation of pneumogastric nerve vagus may be increased,and the conformation between sympathetic nerve and pneumogastric nerve vagus is inclined to pneumogastric nerve vagus.There is close relationship between the body immunity function and autonomic nervous function.Conclusion:The lasting aerobic exercise can improve the immunity function of spleen,the mechanism may be related to the restraint that the irritability of the spleen sympathetic nerve is got under the stress after lasting aerobic exercise.This kind of restraint can be happened in both nerver center and peripheral region of spleen autonomic nervous regulative circulus,and also have relationship with aminonergic nerve,catechonergic nerve and cholinonergic nerve.更多还原