【作者】 吴萍；

【导师】 邢文华；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 国民体质是综合国力的重要组成部分。当今世界竞争日趋激烈,从一定意义上讲,这种竞争是人才的竞争,是整个民族素质的重要标志。本文从社会学理论中的阶层理论出发,在研究中首次以组织资源、经济资源、教育资源为分层标准,在查阅了大量文献后,对509名沈阳市民进行问卷调查和体质测试,对不同阶层人群的体质特点及相关影响因素进行研究,目的是为群体部门工作提供依据,并督促人们提高自身体质。本文得出以下结论:1.体质总分是中上层最高,中层次之,中下层最低;中上层和中层的体质优秀率明显高于中下层。2在形态指标中,男女身高阶层特点是中上层最高,中层次之,中下层最低。体重、BMI、腰臀比、体脂率男女均是正常人数最多,超重次之。女子阶层越高,体重越轻。男子体重超标已是普遍现象。机能指标中肺活量各阶层间男子是中上层最高,中层次之,中下层最低;女子各阶层差异不显著。素质指标的男子握力、闭眼单脚站立中上层最高,中层次之,中下层最低。3.恩格尔系数中上层最低,中层次之,中下层最高。体育消费阶层特点是中上层最高,中层次之,中下层最低。4.生活方式中睡眠质量中下层最差,各阶层间差异显著。约50%中上层和中层人群平均每周工作时间是40-50小时,而中下层排在首位的是不工作。在闲暇时间分布上男子中下层排在最前的是满足生存的指标;中层和中上层主要以满足享受为主。女子所有阶层都将做家务排在第一位。吸烟的调查发现,女子97.7%的人群、男子43.8%人群不吸烟。5.体育人口本文统计占17.5%。在每周锻炼次数上,有37.3%的人群不参加锻炼。参加锻炼组中上层和中层男、女均是1-2次人数最多,男子中下层5次以上、女子中下层3-4次人数最多。锻炼项目主要都集中在跑步、步行、自行车、游泳、球类活动上。参加体育活动的形式均以个人为主进行活动。6.体质与阶层间相互影响,总体趋势是阶层越高,体质越好,生活质量越高,体育锻炼参与度越高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Physical fitness is an important part of complex national strength. Also it is the talent competition and the symbol of the whole national quality.Based on stratification,this dissertation used political,economic and educational resources classified the whole subjects in three strata. These are middle-up class,middle class and middle-down classes.Reading a lot of literatures,509 subjects were divided into three strata by means of investigation,questionnaire,fitness tests and statistics.We studied the physical fitness characters of different strata and influent factors.The purpose of this paper is to give the mass government scientific gist and let the subjects have the chance to know and improve their fitness.After investigation and testing,this paper has drawn conclusions:1.The total fitness scores of middle-up and middle classes are much better than the middle-down class.2.In morphology aspects,The orders of the height of male and female: Middle-up class is the tallest,middle class is the second,middle-down class is the last.Male and female are the same.The obese indexes are body weight,BMI,waist to hip ratio and fat percentage.The normal groups in male and female are the largest,and over-weight groups are the second. The more the male stratification was,the more the class was.The more the female weight,the lower the class was.Now,it is the common phenomenon that male subjects are overweight.Vital capacity of male middle-up class is the highest in three strata,the middle one is higher, middle-down one is the last.The grip strength of male middle-up is the best,the middle class is the second,middle-down class is the lowest. The rank of male single foot standing with closing eyes is the same as grip strength. 3.The Engle index of middle-up class is the lowest,the middle class is in the middle,middle-down class is the most.Physical consumption of middle-up class is the highest,middle class is the second,middle-down class is good.4.Lifestyles:For the order of sleeping-quality,the middle class is the best,the middle-up class is the second,the middle-down class is the worst.Half of the middle-up and middle classes has 40-50 hours of work each week.In the leisure time,the subjects of male in middle-down class selected indexes to satisfy living.And the female people of middle-up and middle classes aim to enjoy life.All female classes focus on housework.In the survey of smoke,neither 97.7%of the female nor 43.8%of the male has the habit of smoke.5.Exercises:The physical population of the subjects is 17.5%and is higher than the national criteria in 1996.About 31.9%male and 40.8% female have no habit of exercise.In the exercise groups,the main physical exercises of people are running,jogging,cycling,swimming and ball games.The main exercise form is personal.6.The physical fitness influences stratification.The trend is that higher class will bring better fitness,lifestyles and exercises.更多还原