【作者】 潘丽霞；

【导师】 李树怡；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 社会体育参与中的性别和谐是和谐体育、和谐社会的应有之义。从社会性别视角出发阐释中国社会体育参与中的妇女与性别差异状况,一方面,可以清晰地呈现社会体育发展中的性别状况,明确妇女的社会体育需求与实际,促进体育事业的协调可持续发展。另一方面,可以促进我国男女两性平等、和谐理论的构建。本文主要采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等进行研究,研究结果表明:1社会体育参与中的性别平等,应是建立在对性别差异充分认识与尊重基础上的平等,其核心内涵是参与权利和机会的平等。社会体育参与的选择应服从于自由的目的,没有选择自由,“平等”便毫无意义。2男女两性群体接受教育与参与社会经济生活方面存在的差异状况、社会体育管理体制、政策和社会主流性别文化,是促使社会体育参与中性别不平等与差异产生的重要社会因素。3在传统社会时期,妇女社会体育活动一直是在一种缝隙中发展,妇女社会体育活动参与处于一种显性的边缘化状态,而且其产生更多的是由于国家或社会对广大妇女社会体育参与权利与机会的公开剥夺与压制而造成的,因此传统社会时期社会体育活动参与中的性别差异是一种显性性别不平等的体现。4计划经济时期的社会体育参与表现出一种在国家行政力量强制约束下维持着的浅层次的、非常态的、表面的平等,这样一种由外部力量影响而造成的而非内生自发的“同质”现象,实际上决非真正意义上的平等,而是一种否定和抹煞生理与个性差异的、实质上的性别不平等。5社会转型期社会体育参与中性别差距的存在,使男女两性不能平等地享受社会进步与体育发展带来的“实惠”,男女两性在社会体育发展过程中的获益并不均等。同时,由于其产生原因和表现的隐性化,使其常以一种不易觉察的,甚至是科学的、友好的形式存在,因此当代社会体育参与中的性别差异是一种隐性的性别不平等。6社会经济的发展不会自然而然的带来妇女社会体育的同等发展,社会体育发展并不完全等同于妇女社会体育的发展,社会体育参与中性别平等的实现在于构建,外生性变迁与内生性变迁的有机结合成为构建的最优路径选择。在性别平等构建的过程中,应充分发挥政府的宏观调控作用,激发社会中的积极力量,调动妇女群体的主动性,积极构建先进的性别文化,推动经济、教育领域中性别平等,进而促使体育领域中社会性别主流化的实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gender harmony in the participation of social sports should be the basic meaning of harmonious sports and harmonious society.To describe and explain gender harmony and gender equality from the angle of gender can not only expose the gender situation in the development of social sports but also base this research on the reality and requirements of women’s social sports.Meanwhile,it has theoretical and practical significance not only to the sustainable development of sports but also to the establishment of the theories of both gender equality and socialist harmony in China.The author finishes this dissertation after looking up enormous bibliographies,interviewing many experts,distributing questionnaires and collecting statistics.The outcomes of the research are as follows:Ⅰ.Gender equality reflected in the participation of social sports should be based on the full understanding and proper respect of gender difference,the core being the equality of rights and opportunities of participation.The choices of participating in social sports should be free.But for such freedom,equality is meaningless.Ⅱ.Gender inequality and gender differences are the results of various social factors such as the policies and management systems of social sports,mainstream gender culture in the society and differences in the education and social status of male and female in the society.Ⅲ.Gender difference reflected in the participation of social sports in traditional China is an overt gender inequality of male superiority.The development of women’s participation in social sports has been hindered by national or social deprivation and infringement of women’s rights and opportunities in the participation of social sports. Therefore women’s participation in social sports at that period is overtly marginal. Ⅳ.In the society of planned economy,the participation of both genders in social sports has been superficially and abnormally equal which is imposed by the nation’s administrative power.This kind of equality is caused by external forces,not spontaneous,so it is actually a gender inequality which ignores the individual and physical differences of male and female.Ⅴ.In the society of social transformation,male and female can not enjoy equal benefits from social advances and development of sports owing to the gender difference reflected by the participation in social sports. This kind of inequality is hidden in the superficially scientific and friendly forms.As a result of the covert causes and displays,the gender inequality reflected in the participation in social sports is also a covert one.Ⅵ.The establishment of gender equality in social sports is an extended,complicated and systematic project,of which the combination of both internal and external changes is the top priority among every means.In order to achieve gender equality in both the fields of economy and education,macro control of the government should be fully exerted, positive forces in the society should be exerted,and women’s activeness should be encouraged.Besides,gender awareness should be embodied into the mainstream of sports decision and sports development to advance gender culture and mainstream gender in sports field.更多还原