【作者】 侯汉平；

【导师】 徐寿波；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 在当前国际金融危机、国家实施物流业调整振兴规划(简称规划)的形势下,物流环境日趋复杂,表现为市场环境复杂性;市场主体结构复杂性;参与者行为复杂性,预示着物流组织与环境的冲突日益严重,面临结构变革与调整的任务将更为重要和紧迫。由于规划明确提出了物流组织适应性新要求,而物流组织实践中还存在适应性缺陷,如环境的确定性假设、组织适应性次优等问题,同时新兴电子商务也要求为客户提供“三流”适应性服务,因此复杂环境下如何提高物流组织与环境适应能力(组织适应性)、增强弹性与灵活性、提高物流组织的智能化程度是当前物流组织理论与实践急需要解决的重要问题,也是本论文选题研究着重解决核心科学问题。本文研究正是围绕物流组织适应性这一核心问题,提出了新型物流组织模式——X方物流(X Party Material Flow/Logistics,XPMF/Logistics),在信息技术支持下从微观物流基元体行为规律、物流适应性交互作用机理、关键支撑技术原理三个方面研究新型物流组织运营模式的规律。这从本质上区别于目前确定性环境下基于外包分工理论的物流组织模式(如第三方物流、第四方物流等),符合未来一般组织社会化、虚拟性、原子式、生态型以及柔性化发展趋势,对于丰富现代物流组织理论、制定物流组织发展战略规划、解决当前国家物流业振兴实践中的组织适应性问题、提高物流组织运营效率和效益都具有重要学术价值和实际意义。论文研究内容以物流组织适应性问题为导向,以大物流(The Material Flow,MF)理论及物流性质、物流多重复合适应性为基础理论框架,从跨学科角度,通过规范与实证分析、数学建模与仿真实验等方法,全面系统、深入地揭示X方物流形成演化机理,提出了物流组织适应问题求解的基本原理和方法,具体研究内容和创新点概括为以下三部分:(1)大物流特征、物流性质以及组织形态演变的研究。旨在为全文研究提供基本思想和理论依据。研究认为大物流(MF)具有生态性、复杂性和智能性特征,以此为基础更进一步集成融合组织适应性理论;提出了物流性质理论,有利于进一步研究物流组织细胞或基础单元及其微观机制;分析了物流组织形态变化的条件,揭示了未来组织单元变异和重组的发展趋势,为进一步研究物流组织X再造提供了基本理论依据和路径。(2)物流组织多重复合适应性理论研究在国内外组织适应性文献研究的基础上,针对组织适应性研究多学科交叉的特点,融合环境适应性、战略适应性、生态适应性、复杂适应性等多种组织适应性理论观点;以MF特征及性质、物流组织形态演化分析为指导,提出了物流组织多重复合适应性理论,揭示不同环境下物流组织基本单元——PMF物流基元体及其变异规律;PMF基元体适应性交互作用的机制等。(3)X方物流形成机理研究根据物流组织多重复合适应性两个基本策略和条件,即物流基元体在不同环境的分化变异及其适应性交互作用机制,分别研究了四种X方物流形成演化规律:①多元组合式X方物流,给出了31种X方物流多元组合式解决方案;②要素基元体驱动型X方物流,探讨了X方物流公司治理结构与风险控制问题;③业务基元体协同式X方物流,建立了一种X方物流分形协同控制模型;④适应基元体群智能X方物流,从仿生学角度,研究了X方物流群智能涌现与仿真。通过上述X方物流形成机理研究,为解决物流组织适应性问题提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the current situation of global economic crisis and the national Material Flow adjusting and promoting plan(short for plan),the Material Flow environment becomes complex gradually,and it exhibits as the complexity of market environment,market major structure and participants’ behavior,these indicate that the contradiction of Material Flow organization and environment becomes increasingly critical,thus,the mission of structure renovation and adjustment becomes important and urgent.Further study indicated:as the plan proposed clearly the new requirements of adaptability of the Material Flow organization,meanwhile,the defect of adaptability still exists in the practice of Materials Flow,e.g.the problems like the assumption of environmental adaptability,the priority of adaptability of organization etc..meanwhile, the newly emerged e-business also requests to provide the "three flow" adaptable service to the customers,therefore,how to improve the Material Flow and the environmental adaptability(organization adaptability),improve the flexibility and the versatility,improve the intelligent level of the Material Flow organization are the important problems to be solved in the current theory and practice of Material Flow organization,and are also the core scientific problems to be solved in this article.The research of the article is focused in the core problem of adaptability of material flow organization,and proposed the new type of material flow organization mode- X Party Material Flow/Logistics,XPMF/ Logistics,and improves the people’s understanding of the new type of material flow organization mode operation regularity from three aspects namely micro-material flow primitive behavior regularity,the interaction mechanism of Material Flow adaptability,the key supporting technology principle.It is basically different from current Material Flow organization mode based on fixed environment(e.g.the third party material flow,the forth party material flow etc.),and it is in accordance with the development tendency of organization socialization,virtual nature,atomic mode,ecotype and flexible development in the future.It possesses important academic and practical value regarding enriching modern Material Flow organization theory,making Material Flow organization strategical plan, solving the problems of organization adaptability in the current national Material Flow promoting practice,and improving Material Flow operation efficiency. The article made the Material Flow organization adaptability as the guidance,and made the Material Flow and Material Flow property,the Material Flow multiple complex adaptability as the basic theory frame,revealed the evolution mechanism of X Party Material Flow in a comprehensive and deep way through the analytical method of specification and demonstration,and mathematical modeling and simulation experiment from the scientific point of view.The detailed research content and innovation include the following three sections:(1) Study of evolution of Material Flow theory,Material Flow property and organization formsThis is aimed to provide the basic thought and theory foundation.The study indicated that the Material Flow was characterized as ecological,complex and intelligent in nature,and elucidated scientific method and regularity from the simple "flow of materials" to the complex study of macro-Material Flow,the theory of Material Flow property has been proposed,and this is benefit for the further study of Material Flow organization cell or basic unit and the micro-mechanism;it also analyzed the condition for the change of Material Flow organization form,and disclosed the development tendency of the organization unit regarding variation and reconstruction in the future.This provided the basic theory foundation and route for further study of Material Flow organization X reconstruction.(2) Theory study of Material Flow organization multiple adaptabilityThe main content of this section is to provide theory foundation for the study of X Party Material Flow in principle,and it is the interlink of the study in the article.Based on the domestic and oversea documentary study of organization adaptability,it combined multiple organization adaptability theory such as environmental adaptability, strategical adaptability,ecological adaptability,complex adaptability and so on,directed toward the interdisciplinary nature of organization adaptability study.It proposed the theory of Material Flow organization multiple complex adaptability based on the guidance of evolution analysis of Material Flow and Material Flow property,Material Flow organization form,and disclosed the Primitive Material Flow(PMF) and its variation regularity in various environment,the interaction mechanism of PMF adaptability.It exhibited the multiple complex adaptability characteristics of ecological, complex,intelligent,study and so on regarding Material Flow construction from microstructure to macrostructure,therefore,provided the theory foundation for the study of X Party Material Flow formation and the management and control. (3) The formation mechanism of X Party Material FlowThis is aimed to provide the solution for X Party Material Flow regarding Material Flow organization adaptability in various environment.According to the two basic conditions of Material Flow organization multiple complex adaptability:one is that the PMF will create dissociation in various environment;the other is that the PMF possesses different adaptability interaction mechanisms in various environment.Four formation and evolution regularities of X Party Material Flow have been analyzed:(Ⅰ) multi-element combined X Party Material Flow,and 31 X Party Material Flow multi-element combined solutions have been listed;(Ⅱ) essential PMF driving X Party Material Flow,and the management structure and risk control of X Party Material Flow company have been investigated;(Ⅲ) business PMF cooperation X Party Material Flow, one type of X Party Material Flow fractal cooperation control model has been established;(Ⅳ) adaptive primitive swarm intelligence X Party Material Flow,the swarm intelligence emergence and simulation of X Party Material Flow have been studied from the point of view of bionics.更多还原