【作者】 匡星；

【导师】 王连俊； 白明洲；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 随着交通建设规模逐渐增大,其面临的生态环境压力日益增大,交通与环境的和谐可持续发展提上日程。土壤水力侵蚀是生态环境重要内容之一,交通工程边坡水力侵蚀的影响因素错综复杂,工程边坡水力侵蚀过程、侵蚀机理和因素影响规律研究工作相对滞后。如何准确地评估交通工程建设活动中造成的水力侵蚀量是目前交通工程环评研究的重要内容,如何正确地认识工程边坡水力侵蚀规律为边坡防护设计和施工提出合理建议也成为工程设计研究中的一个难题。工程边坡水力侵蚀将成为交通建设与环境保护研究的一个重要理论和技术问题。基于以上背景,本论文依托2005年10月铁道部科技司项目“铁路建设对生态环境影响评价重点指标的研究”研究工作,以及北京交通大学铁路生态环境研究中心多年对铁路建设施工期水土流失的调查结果及水力侵蚀试验数据,本文以铁路工程边坡为主要研究对象,通过现场试验、理论分析、数值计算和评价方法研究等手段,系统地对铁路工程边坡次降雨侵蚀试验、水力侵蚀过程、影响因素规律、侵蚀计算模型、工程边坡水力侵蚀评价方法以及铁路路基边坡防护措施进行了研究和探讨。本文的主要研究内容和成果如下:(1)对我国水力侵蚀东北黑土区、南方红壤区、西北黄土区三大分区选取典型铁路工程边坡进行自然降雨侵蚀径流小区试验或沟蚀试验,补充了西南土石区和北方土石区铁路工程边坡人工降雨试验,给出了各类铁路工程边坡水土流失年侵蚀量范围。(2)通过在甬台温铁路、秦沈铁路和内昆铁路的路堤边坡、路堑边坡、弃土场边坡、施工营地边坡、便道边坡的自然降雨或人工降雨侵蚀试验数据分析,给出了铁路各类工程边坡的次降雨侵蚀过程规律和铁路工程边坡水力侵蚀影响因素规律。(3)分析了铁路工程边坡次降雨入渗和工程边坡产流运动方程,分析并建立了铁路工程边坡土壤侵蚀率方程,进而提出了铁路工程边坡水力侵蚀计算模型。通过计算机模拟,分析了诸多因素,包括降雨强度、渗透系数、土壤吸力、压实度、含水量、曼宁系数、坡度和坡长,对铁路工程边坡水力侵蚀中的产流时间、产流量和侵蚀率的影响规律。(4)通过铁路工程边坡水力侵蚀机理分析,建立了铁路工程边坡水力侵蚀评价体系,给出了铁路工程边坡年降雨侵蚀定下评价方法,给出了铁路工程边坡年降雨侵蚀等级评价标准、铁路工程边坡次降雨侵蚀评价方法和评价标准,及次-年降雨侵蚀标准尺度变化关系,给出简易可行的铁路工程边坡加速侵蚀法和路基边坡土体年水土流失侵蚀量计算法。(5)论文依据铁路工程防护后水土流失年侵蚀防护效果,结合次降雨规律评价标准,最后给出了路基边坡防护措施分析及建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the gradual increase in scale of transportation construction,harmonious and sustainable development of traffic and environment has been put on the agenda.Soil erosion is one of the important contents in eco-environment.The influencing factors of water erosion on railroad slopes are complicated.The research on water erosion process, erosion mechanism and influencing rules of each factor is still relatively backward. How to make an accurate assessment of water erosion is a main content in environmental evaluation of railway.It is a difficult problem to discover the water erosion rules and to put forward reasonable suggestions for design and research in engineering.Water erosion on railway slope will be the significant theory and technical issue.This dissertation is combined with the project "Research on Key Indicators of Impact on Ecological Environment caused by Railway Construction"(commissioned by Technology Division Ministry of Railways in Oct.2005).The research work in this dissertation is based on investigation results of water and soil loss and experimental data of water erosion obtained by Ecological Environment Research Center of Beijing Jiaotong University.Research and discussion are systematically carried out on erosion test of individual railfall,the process of water erosion,the rule of influencing factors, erosion calculation model,evaluation method of water erosion and preventive measure of railway slope.In this research,field experiment,theoretical analysis,numerical calculation and evaluation method are used.The main research contents and achievements are as follows:(1) In black soil region of Northeast China,red soil region of South China and loess region of Northwest China,typical railway slopes are selected for runoff plots experiment of natural railfall erosion and gully erosion.The artificial rainfall experiment in rock area of Southwest China and North China is supplemented.The annual erosion scope of different railway slopes is presented.(2) The rules of individual railfall erosion and influencing factors of water erosion for various railway slopes are presented.The research is based on the experimental data analysis of natural railfall and artificial railfall erosion on embankment slope,cutting slope,spoil site slope,construction camp slope and road slope in Yongtaiwen Railway, Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Railway and Neijiang-Kunming Railway.(3) Analysis work is done on individual Rainfall infiltration and motion equation of slope runoff.Equation of soil erosion ratio is established.The calculation model of water erosion is proposed.Influence rules are summed up on runoff time,production flow and erosion rate.The influencing factors are analyzed such as rainfall intensity, permeability coefficient,soil suction,compactness,water content,manning roughness coefficient,slope gradient and slope length.(4) Evaluation system of railroad slope erosion is presented.The following contents are proposed in this dissertation:evaluation methods,evaluation criteria aiming at the rainfall erosion and the annual-rainfall erosion,and the variation relationship of the individual-annual rainfall criteria.Furthermore,the acceleration method and calculation method of railroad slope erosion based on practical work are put forward.(5) Measures are taken to prevent soil erosion,according to the preventive effect and evaluation criteria of rainfall erosion,suggestions of protective measures on subgrade slope are presented.更多还原