【作者】 张振江；

【导师】 冯玉珉；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络是一种新兴的网络技术,采用分布式处理,具有监测精度高、容错性能好、覆盖区域大、可远程监控等众多优点,在军事、交通、数字医疗等领域得到了广泛应用,因而引起了业界的广泛关注。但是由于无线传感器网络节点受到体积和成本等方面的限制,采用携带的电池,能量补充困难而且能量相对较少,这是目前无线传感器网络应用的“瓶颈”问题。因此,在保障监测任务的前提下,如何降低能耗,提高整个网络的生命周期是无线传感器网络的研究热点。本论文针对无线传感器网络的节能问题,从冗余节点的运用、节点分布均匀性对能量管理的影响、基于节点梯次移动的节能路由和无线传感器网络管理等几个方面研究了无线传感器网络的节能问题,并提出了相应的解决方案。本论文的研究工作受到了国家自然科学基金项目(No.60572035)和通信与信息系统北京市重点实验室项目(No.JD100040513)的资助。论文的部分成果已经获得了国家发明专利的授权(专利号:ZL200610067188.7)。论文的主要工作与创新点如下:1.提出了基于冗余节点树的延长无线传感器网络生命周期的方法。其基本思想是在整个传感器网络的覆盖范围内,充分利用网络内冗余节点构建冗余节点树,使得簇内的冗余节点在为其对应的活动节点服务的同时,也能够为整个簇内的所有节点数据传输服务,从而提高节点的生命周期,延长整个无线传感器网络寿命。2.提出了对无线传感器网络内节点分布均匀性的评价方法。该方法在均匀设计理论的基础上,以最理想布点为标准,采用最大最小空穴半径的均匀性度量方法,从密集性偏差和稀疏性偏差来评价整个无线传感器网络内节点分布的分布均匀性。3.提出了一种新的基于节点均匀性的无线传感器网格移动部署算法。该算法依托网格划分,使节点在相邻网格间进行移动,尽可能使无线传感器网络节点在网络内分布均匀,相应的策略是使最大空穴半径与最小空穴半径无限接近,达到网络节能的目的。4.提出了基于节点梯次移动的节能路由算法。该算法包括判断冗余节点算法、寻找瓶颈节点算法以及选择最佳节点移动路径算法。由于考虑了节点移动消耗能量、节点剩余能量和节点分布密度等因素,运用层次分析法,在多条件约束情况下找到最佳的移动节点和移动路径,形成节能的新路由,从而保证网络的正常工作,延长整个传感器网络的有效工作时间。5.提出了一个通用的大规模(多种业务、多个地域、超大节点规模)的无线传感器网络的综合网络管理系统的分层模型。整个模型分为五层,从上到下依次为:综合管理层、业务管理层、网络代理管理层、网关节点管理层和普通节点管理层,具体功能除了计费管理、配置管理、性能管理、故障管理、安全管理外,还包括能量管理、感知管理、通信管理和策略管理四大功能,同时论文对该模型的可靠性进行了分析和仿真。6.提出了一个通用大规模无线传感器网络管理系统与网关节点和其它网管的数据交换模型。在模型中定义了无线传感器网络的综合网络管理系统和网关节点以及其他网管系统间数据交换方法和接口标准。在对应的交换原语中,为了减小相互影响,实现最大限度的解耦,避免系统在交互过程中使用阻塞方式,该接口标准在实现上采用了异步消息的机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor networks are emerging technologies,which adopts distributed information processing techniques with high precision monitoring, fault-tolerant performance,large coverage areas,remote monitoring and many other advantages.It can be founded for the military purpose,intelligent traffic and E-hospital, etc.Thus,it has become a hotspot in research area.But wireless sensor networks have several special characteristics which include shortage of energy,difficulty with energy supply and so on.It’s the bottleneck in current application of wireless sensor networks. So how to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by reducing power consumption to ensure the network coverage has become a new research area.The dissertation focus on energy issues of wireless sensor networks,including energy management from the use of redundant nodes and the nodes of density, energy-saving routing based on the movement of nodes and wireless sensor network management.In addition,this thesis presents the corresponding solutions.The research work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation project "Ad Hoc network management and performance assessment of public key technology research (No.60572035)" and the project of Beijing Municipal Communication and Information System Key Laboratory under Grant No.JD100040513.The part achievement of the thesis has gotten a national invention patent authorization(NO.ZL200610067188.7).For the energy-efficient methods on wireless sensor networks,the main contributions of the dissertation are as follows:1.An energy-efficient redundant nodes tree mechanism has been proposed.Its basic method proposes an energy-efficient redundant nodes tree mechanism in which the redundant nodes in each cluster can be used to relay information to the base-station. The principle is that the redundant nodes relay tree is constructed according to the position of the redundant nodes and all the information received by the cluster heads is sent to the closest redundant node of the redundant nodes tree.The selected redundant node transmits the information to the base-station by the relaying of the redundant nodes tree.Simulation results show that this method can improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks efficiently.2.This thesis presents a method which evaluates the distribution uniformity of the entire wireless sensor network.This method adopts a series of parameters which include compression discrepancy,sparseness discrepancy,self discrepancy, maximum cavity radius and minimum cavity radius to evaluate the nodes distribution uniform performance.The method can measure the distribution uniformity of wireless sensor network nodes under the condition that the nodes are deployed randomly.3.This thesis presents a new grid movement based deployment algorithm of wireless mobile sensor networks.The new algorithm reduces the time complexity of WMSN deployment algorithm.The new algorithm,which enhances the coverage degree of the task area and cut down the coverage hole,can adapt to the application on WMSN.The proposed algorithm meets the requirement of coverage of the network deployment under the circumstances of reducing the algorithm complexity.In order to save the energy of wireless sensor networks,the corresponding adjustment strategy is to makes maximum cavity radius and minimum cavity radius infinitely close to,which gives the basic node motion solution.4.This thesis proposes a node motion.This paper explores the motion capability and proposes a kind of node motion solution,including the way to identify the redundant sensors,the way to search for agency node and the way to choose the best node movement route.The method,which considers the factors of energy consumption, remaining energy and node distributing density,makes use of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).So we can find out the best node movement route under many condition controls,in order to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks.5.This thesis presents a generic large-scale(a variety of business,a number of regions, the large node number) of wireless sensor networks integrated network management system of tiered model.The whole model is divided into five levels,as the following order from top to bottom:integrated management,operations management,network management agents,and gateway and network management node management unit. It’s main function including accounting management,configuration management, performance management,fault management,security management,energy management,perception management,communication management and strategic management.The model’s reliability was analyzed and simulated in this work.6.This thesis presents a data exchange model of generic large-scale wireless sensor network management system,which defines the data interactive method and interface standards among the model,gateway nodes and other network management system.In the corresponding exchange in the original language,in order to reduce the impact of each other,achieve maximum decoupling;avoid using obstructive manner in the interactive process,this interface standard used asynchronous message mechanism.更多还原