【作者】 张继林；

【导师】 张英华；

【作者基本信息】 天津财经大学 ， 企业管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 技术创新模式历经了五代变革,从最初的线性模式演变为今天的网络化模式,创新活动也从原来只在内部进行扩展到内外部同时进行,这一切都源于技术创新本身要与外部环境相匹配。进入21世纪之后,激烈的市场竞争一方面使得企业对技术创新的依赖性越来越大,而同时又使企业面临创新失败的巨大风险,企业常常陷入两难的境地;不仅如此,外部环境的非线性变化又使得企业的创新活动不能仅仅停留在保证创新的成功率上,还要具有快速性、灵活性以及良好的应对不可预知状况的能力;更为重要的是,企业不可能拥有技术创新所需的全部资源。上述现象表明,环境的快速变化已经使得技术创新模式自身的变革落后于环境,创新模式亟需变革。现代创新理论的研究越来越倾向于开放式和网络化,价值网络与开放式创新的提出正是为了适应上述环境的变化。开放式创新使得企业可以同时利用内外部所有的技术资源,有效地加以吸收和转化;而价值网络将供应商、渠道伙伴、服务提供商以及竞争者等利益相关者重新整合为企业的创新网络,通过不同企业之间的协作更好地适应环境的变化,并共享创新成果。因此,本文的研究主题在于将价值网络和开放式创新相统一,构建起一种同时融合二者优势的模式,使得技术创新活动更能适应外部环境的变化。开放式创新和价值网络都是相对较新的概念,理论上也属于两个相对独立的研究领域,本文通过大量的理论研究,分析了价值网络下开放式技术创新模式的内涵,发现二者在内涵上是统一的,并且具有相互促进作用,使二者的整合成为了可能;由此,本文利用模块化和网络化的相关原理,结合技术创新过程论,构建了价值网络下开放式技术创新过程模式,并分析了该模式的构成要素、运行原则、运行过程,并重点分析了技术资源的获取路径和交换形式,并对各种技术资源交换形式进行了比较分析,为企业选择何种形式提供了依据;此外,本文还对该模式的内外部运营条件进行了研究,将内部运营条件界定为开放式技术创新能力,用系统论相关原理结合计算机仿真得到了开放式技术创新能力的衡量指标。将外部运营条件界定为技术资源组件化、开放式技术创新平台以及平台间交互界面的标准化设计,分别从微观、中观以及宏观的角度进行了分析,力求保证价值网络下开放式技术创新过程模式的有效运行;最后,以中国北车唐山轨道客车有限责任公司为背景进行了案例分析,对本文所构建的理论在实践中进行检验和修正。本文对于价值网络下开放式技术创新过程模式的研究在相关领域属于创新性的尝试,不仅是对创新理论的丰富和发展,而且对于指导企业进行技术创新活动也具有重要的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The model of technological innovation has experienced five changes, from initial linear model to today’network model. Meanwhile, innovation activities have been carried out internal and external simultaneously from initial internally, which originate from the match of technological innovation itself and the internal environment. After entered the 21st century, the fierce market competition makes the dependence to technological innovation for enterprises larger and larger, on the other hand, it makes enterprises face the great risk of innovation failure, which makes enterprises get into the dual dilemma. Moreover, the nonlinear variation of external environment makes innovation activities not only stay at the success rate of ensures innovation, but have the ability of rapidity, flexibility and meet the accidents. The most important, enterprises cannot have all the resources technological innovation requires. The phenomenons above show that the rapid changes of environment have make the reform of model of technological innovation fall behind the environment and the model of technological innovation is desiderated to reform.The study of modern innovation theory is tending to open innovation and value network more and more, so, the presence of value network and open innovation is just aiming to adapt the change of environment above mentioned. Open innovation makes enterprises can use all internal and external technological resources simultaneously, then absorb and transform them effectively. Value network re-integrates the interest-related parties, such as suppliers, channel partners, service providers and competitors, as the innovative network of enterprises to make them adapt the change of environment through the cooperation of different enterprises and share the innovation achievements. Therefore, the topic of this dissertation is to construct a model that integrates advantages of open innovation and value network through unifying them, which make technological innovation activities be more suitable to the change of external environment.Open innovation and value network are relatively new concepts and they are relatively independent research fields theoretically. Through plenty of theoretical research, this dissertation analyzes the relation between value network and open technological innovation and the connotation of open technological innovation in value network, we find that they are unified on the value orientation and play a mutual promoting role to make the integration of them possible. Therefore, using principles of modularization and network, combined with technological innovation process theory, this dissertation constructs a technological innovation process pattern under value network and analyzes the elements, operational principles and operation process of this pattern. What’s more, it mainly analyzes the acquisition approaches and the exchange modes of technological resources and comparatively analyzes each exchange mode of technological resources to provide evidences for enterprises to choose one mode properly. Based the research on internal and external operational conditions of this pattern, this dissertation defines internal operational conditions to the open technological innovation capacity and obtains the measurement indexes of open technological innovation capacity with relative principles of system theory and computer simulation. Meanwhile, it defines external operational conditions to the platform of componentization of technological resources and open technological innovation as well as the standardized design of the interactive interfaces between platforms. From micro-view, medium-view and macro-view, this dissertation analyzes to ensure the effective operation of open technological innovation process model under value network. Finally, on the background of one company, this dissertation makes case analysis to test and correct this model constructed practically.Research on open technological innovation process model under value network belongs to an innovative attempt in relative areas, it not only enriches and develops innovation theories, but still of vital realistic significance for enterprises’technological innovation activities.更多还原