【作者】 董悦航；

【导师】 张建武；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 混合动力汽车(HEV,Hybrid electric vehicles)的混合动力系统的集成化研究是目前和未来国内外研究的重点。混合动力汽车的核心是混合动力系统,它的性能直接关系到混合动力汽车整车性能。如何有效的解决混合动力汽车混合动力系统的集成控制,使整车实现高度集成和配置简单化,通用化是目前研究的关键。经过十多年的发展,混合动力系统已从原有离散结构向一体化结构发展,即集成化混合动力总成系统。集成化混合动力总成系统最能体现HEV系统的最优化思想,同时也是最复杂,形式最多样,研究难度最大的结构,是现在和将来的新的研究重点。其中变速器(箱)与电机一体化(变速系统总成化)研究仍是目前国内外混合动力汽车混合动力系统研究的空缺点。本文首次提出了电动变速驱动单元(Electric Transmission Driver ,E.T.Driver)的概念,将变速器和永磁同步电机集成为变速驱动集成化混合动力系统。对基于机械自动变速器(Automatic mechanical transmission,AMT)的电动变速驱动单元(E.T.Driver)进行了重点研究论述。基于AMT的电动变速驱动单元,永磁同步电机和AMT在输出轴耦合,实现变速、驱动、制动能量回馈等功能。在换档过程中,换档质量,包括冲击度和摩擦功是最重要的考核指标。本文重点对变速驱动单元如何提高混合动力汽车在行驶过程中换档和起步过程中换挡的换档质量、行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性进行了深入研究。滑磨功和冲击度这两个指标相互制约,因而为了达到综合最优,针对电动变速驱动单元不同工作状况,制定了不同的换档控制策略来达到冲击度和滑磨功协调最优。在E.T.Driver输出驱动扭矩大于或等于行驶阻力扭矩的情况下,由于有E.T.Driver在离合器分离过程中提供驱动扭矩,在换挡过程中确保离合器分离到结合这个过程整车驱动扭矩不中断,因而飞轮有充裕时间调整自身转速来达到与离合器从动盘同步,从而确保飞轮和离合器接合时冲击度和滑磨功都很小。在E.T.Driver输出驱动扭矩小于阻力扭矩时,采用基于最小值原理的换档控制策略对滑摩功和冲击度进行综合最优控制,使滑磨功和冲击度达到综合最优,并得到了以解析式形式表达的系统最优控制函数。E.T.Driver独特的结构和相对应的控制策略相结合,既保证在驱动力不中断的情况下完成换档操作,又能确保换挡质量、行驶的平顺性和乘坐舒适性。此外尤为重要的是,由于E.T.Driver自身独特结构,既可以输出正驱动扭矩又可以提供反向发电扭矩,从而很好的协调换档过程中加权函数Z值的大小,确保换档质量达到最优。作为本项工作的重点之一,本文分别对E.T.Driver系统进行了仿真分析和实车试验。利用大型系统动力学分析软件SIMULATIONX和CRUISE,开发出E.T.Driver的仿真模型,通过对E.T.Driver换挡过程的仿真分析,为实车试验提供可靠的依据和数据对比。装配E.T.Driver的混合动力大客车道路试验按照国家标准进行,主要考察小油门起步换挡、加速换挡、高档位等高难度工况。最终的仿真和道路试验结果表明,变速驱动单元的特定结构,结合本文提出的E.T.Driver最优扭矩换档控制策略,相比传统AMT,E.T.Driver能够极大的提高换档质量、整车驱动平顺性和乘坐舒适性。本文实施的E.T.Driver最优扭矩控制策略使E.T.Driver换挡过程具有良好的动态特性,对复杂工况和多变环境有自适应能力。变速驱动单元的研究将极大推进混合动力汽车的产业化和混合动力汽车关键技术的进一步发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The integration research of hybrid power system of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is the key research emphasis at home and abroad, and the trend will still prevail in the future.Hybrid power system is the central component of HEV. The performance of HEV is greatly achieved by the capability of hybrid power system. How to efficiently achieve the integrated control of HEV and to make the whole power configuration become highly integrated and simple are the key point and difficult point for research. Now, the hybrid power system has already been developed from a discrete structure into an integrated one, which is called the integrated hybrid power system in past ten years. The integrative hybrid power system can well represent the optimization idea of HEV and it is also the most difficult structure for study, which has the most complexity and the most diversity. So it will always be the important research emphasis even in the coming several years. As for the integration research of transmission (gear box) and motor, also called transmission system integration, there is still no research in this field both in China and other countries. This dissertation presents the idea of E.T.Driver (electric Transmission Driver) for the first time. The E.T.Driver integrates the transmission and permanent magnet synchronous motor into a compositive hybrid power unit system, which can perform shift, generate electricity, regenerative braking and drive function. The main research of this dissertation is the E.T.Driver, which integrates AMT (Automatic mechanical transmission) and a permanent magnet synchronous motor into a hybrid power system. In the E.T.Driver based on AMT, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is mounted on the output shaft of AMT and the rotor of permanent magnet synchronous motor is coupled with the output shaft of AMT directly or with a coupling device. The E.T.Driver based on AMT can perform the drive, generation of electricity, regenerative braking and power transmission function. The gear shift quality, including shock intensity and slipping friction work, is the most important appraisable target during the gear shift phase. This dissertation mainly makes a deep research on how the E.T.Driver improves the gear shift quality, driving smoothness and riding comfort during the driving shift phase and start-up gear shift phase.The index of slipping friction work is incompatible with that of shock intensity. In order to form an integrative optimization between shock intensity and slipping friction work, different gear shift control strategy have been made to find a compromise between shock intensity and slipping friction work according to different work condition of E.T.Driver. Under the condition that the driving torque of E.T.Driver is larger than or equal to the resistance torque, the flywheel has enough time to track the rotational speed of the friction clutch plate, because the E.T.Driver can provide enough driving torque to assure the driving torque of vehicle is not interrupted during the clutch detachment phase. When the rotational speed difference between the flywheel and clutch disk plate is small enough, that is to say, the rotational speed difference between the flywheel and clutch disk plate is smaller than what is set in advance, the flywheel and the clutch disk will engage as quickly as they can. So the shock intensity and slipping friction work are all very small when the clutch engages with the flywheel. When the driving torque provided by E.T.Driver is smaller than the resistance torque, the multi-objective optimal torque control strategy, based upon the minimum value principle, is adopted to compromise the shock intensity and slipping friction work and make them to reach an integrative optimization. The optimal torque control function is derived and described by an analytic function.The gear shift operation can be finished under the condition that the driving torque is not interrupted. Furthermore, the gear shift quality, driving smoothness and riding comfort also can be ensured because of the special structure of E.T.Driver, combining the corresponding optimal torque control strategy presented in this dissertation. Besides this, the especially important thing is the E.T.Driver can output positive driving torque and also can output negative torque for electricity generation, which can well harmonize the coefficient value of weight function Z. This can ensure the gear shift quality to attain optimization.As an important part of the dissertation, the virtual prototype simulation and the practical on-vehicle experiment for the E.T.Driver are made. The virtual prototype simulation is modeled by SIMULATIONX and CRUISE software and verified by practical vehicle experiments. The practical on-vehicle experiments can gain theory basement and data contrast from the simulation model by analyzing the simulation results. The road experiments of hybrid electrical bus equipped with E.T.Driver are carried out according to the standard of China, and mainly attention is focused on typical difficult working conditions, such as small throttle start-up gear shift, gear shift during acceleration course and high gear position. From the final simulation results and road test results, it can be found that the special structure and the corresponding control strategy of E.T.Driver can greatly enhance the gear shift quality, driving smoothness and driving comfort of HEV compared with the traditional AMT. With the optimal torque control strategy presented in this dissertation, the E.T.Driver achieves good dynamic character, which is adaptive to time varying driving condition of HEV and complicated surroundings. The research of E.T.Driver can greatly promote the development of automobile industry and HEV’s key technology.更多还原