【作者】 覃胜勇；

【导师】 陈乔之； 陈奕平；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 国际关系， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 基督教右翼是美国近三四十年上升很快的一股保守力量,它是美国新教中一系列右翼基督教政治和社会运动及其组织,其特征是对保守的社会和政治价值的强烈支持。基督教右翼由成百上千万诚笃的美国民众、各种右翼机构、组织和媒体、形形色色的基督教右翼领导人和政治家以及其它右翼意识形态基础设施构成,其中最活跃的包括基要派、福音教派、五旬节派、南部浸礼会等。本文认为,基督教右翼作为当代美国国内的一个重要社会思潮正对美国对外政策产生持续的重大影响。基督教右翼影响美国外交政策的机制有四：其一,基督教右翼参政意识很强,为达到参政的目的,他们在右翼意识形态基础设施建设上不遗余力,建立了组织良好、运作有序的草根组织和网络,对执政当局进行了强大的游说活动。其二,自从20世纪80年代里根执政以来,右翼保守主义即成为共和党的意识形态。由于在价值理念上有着更多的共性,基督教右翼不断地融入共和党,与共和党趋于一体化。基督教右翼与共和党各取所需、彼此合作,其结果是宗教保守主义日益共和党化,共和党逐渐宗教保守化。尤其是20世纪90年代中期,基督教右翼有计划地渗透并接管共和党在每个州的党部组织,使得这个合流的趋势更加明显。基督教右翼近年来成为共和党“保守主义革命”的中坚力量,积极参政,在不少人眼中甚至危及到美国开国以来的政教分离传统。其三,作为美国外交政策代表,布什总统是历史上最以“信仰为基础”的美国总统。善恶二元论、末世论、弥塞亚精神和启示录精神对布什总统的外交政策都有直接影响。由于自恃“上帝在我们这一边”,布什政府的单边主义外交风格凸显其宗教色彩。其四,基督教右翼与新保守主义建立了政治同盟。这是通过两个机制实现的。首先,基督教右翼属于一种特殊的“前千年主义”,其信徒相信在耶稣再次降临人世之前以色列将重新建国。新保守主义者中许多是犹太人,他们和南方新教原教旨主义的同盟大大有利于美国无条件支持以色列右翼政府的政策。其次,由于南方新教原教旨主义者积极参加选举投票,他们已经成为控制共和党初选的关键力量。基督教右翼影响美国外交政策最为明显的领域是美国对以色列的外交政策和美国对达尔富尔问题的政策。由于历史和文化因素、基督教右翼的游说、基督教锡安主义的影响,美国给予以色列长期慷慨的支持。从克林顿时期的袖手旁观到布什时期的积极干预,苏丹达尔富尔问题是美国外交政策变化比较大的领域。布什上台以后,由于福音派的游说,美国开始深度卷入苏丹国内政治。20世纪90年代后期美国基督教保守派建立了针对苏丹问题的草根联盟,这一联盟促使布什政府介入苏丹达尔富尔问题,而美国的介入是2005年和平协议签署的重要因素。本文详细梳理了基督教右翼崛起的动因,系统分析了基督教右翼影响美国外交决策的机制,全面归纳了美国亲睐以色列的宗教根源,充分论证了基督教右翼在美国外交的两大领域——美国对以色列的外交政策和美国对达尔富尔问题的政策——中所产生的巨大影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Christian Right refers to a series of right-wing Christian political and social movements and their organizations in American Protestant, the features of which include the strong support of conservative social and political value. Christian Right is an emerging conservative force in the recent three or four decades and Fundamentalism, Evangelicalism, Pentecost, South Baptism Congregation are politically active. As a new international relation actor, Christian Right is producing long-term and significant impact on American diplomacy.As an influential social movement, Christian Right is exerting a powerful and enduring influence on American domestic and foreign policies. Four mechanisms are involved as to the influence on American foreign policies by Christian Right. In the first place, Christian Right has a sharp awareness of political participation. They have established well-organized and well-managed networks and grass-root organizations, which enable them to vigorously lobby the administration. Secondly, right wing conservatism has become the ideology of Republican Party since Reagan presidency. Because of the common basis between the two, religious conservatives became the pillar of Republican Party and Republican Party went more conservative. This trend is more obvious since the mid-nineties. Christian Right has become the main thrust of Republican Party and played an active role in American politics. This trend is endangering the tradition of the separation between church and state. Thirdly, Bush is referred to as the most faith-based president. Eschatology combined with Armageddon, Messiah and Apocalypse is producing direct impact upon his administrative style and his unilateral foreign policy. Fourthly, Christian right established a political alliance with neo-conservatives. Two mechanisms make the coalition become possible. Members of Christian Right have strong faith in premillenniumism and to them the establishment of an Israeli state is the sign of the Second Coming of Jesus. Many neo-conservatives are Jews and their association with southern Christian Fundamentalism greatly contributes to American government’s unqualified support to Israel. Since the southern Christian Fundamentalists are active in casting their votes, they have become the major force in the Republican preliminary election.Two areas have witnessed the obvious impact of Christian Right:American Middle East policy and new intervention based on faith. Due to the cultural affinity, the influence of Christian Right and the rise of Christian Zionism, America is in support of Israel without any reservation.This dissertation makes an in-depth analysis of the relationship between Christian Right and American foreign policies. The reasons of the participation in foreign policy decision by Christian Right and the modes of policy-decision are tackled thoroughly. The theological framework of Bush’s faith is formulated at the author’s discretion. The proof of two areas where Christian Right has the most obvious impact is initiated with groundbreaking significance.更多还原