【作者】 赵炜炜；

【导师】 张建华；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学（北京） ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 近些年来,国内外相继发生了多起大停电事故。比较著名的有2003年8月14日美国东北部、中西部和加拿大东部联合电网的大停电事故,2006年7月1日中国河南电网的大停电事故,2006年11月4日欧洲西部电网的大停电事故等。这类大停电事故造成的危害极大,且发生频率相对来说比较频繁,因此已经成为威胁大电网安全稳定运行的突出问题,从而也引起了国内外电力学者的广泛重视。本文希望能够大停电进行较为系统性的研究,主要工作为以下四点:归纳总结了国内外近些年来的典型大停电事故并对其停电过程和事故原因做简要的分析。研究分析了连锁故障的机理和模拟模型,建立了连锁故障搜索模型和停电风险评估方法。本文分析了连锁故障发生发展过程以及发展阶段中推动故障传播的主要因素,建立了基于交流潮流、考虑隐藏故障特性的连锁故障搜索算法,论文选择了几个重要的参数,以IEEE-RTS96系统为例详细分析了它们对电网发生连锁故障风险的影响,从中总结了几种降低电网发生连锁故障风险的方法。系统性地概述了预防大停电的技术措施。本文简述了电力系统安全防御理论和技术方法,系统性的论述了防止系统失步、过负荷、频率崩溃和电压崩溃的控制措施等,介绍了电磁环网解环与分层分区运行的实施方法。建立了大停电应急理论和评价指标体系。本文根据电网大面积停电的特点,遵循应急的一般理论,应用系统论和方法论的思想,建立了大停电应急评价指标体系。引入了模糊层次分析法进行多指标的综合量化分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,several big blackouts occurred in several foreign and domestic power grids.For instance,on August 14,2003,large portions of the Midwest and Northeast United States and Ontario,Canada experienced an electric power blackout;on July 1,2006,a blackout happened in Henan province,China;on November 4,2006,a blackout happened in the West Europe.This kind of blackout will cause extreme loss,and its occurring probability is relatively frequent,so it has become an outstanding threat to the stability of bulk power systems.The author hope to presents a systemic study on blackouts,The following are the main work:This paper summarize the typical blackout events at home and abroad in recent years and analyze the process of blackout and accident causes.The mechanism of cascading failures and simulation model is studied and analyzed in this paper,the cascading failures searching model and evaluation method for blackout risk are established in this paper.The main factors impelling the cascading propagation of failures in the develop phase are analyzed at length,a cascading failure searching method is established,which is based on revised ac power flow method and considers hidden failures in protection systems.This thesis selects out several important parameters and analyzes their impact on the risk of the cascading event by IEEE-RTS96 data.According to the analysis,several methods can be used to lower the risk.Technical measures for prevention of blackout are described systemically in this paper.The paper discusses the theory and technical method of security defense for power system briefly,discusses systemically the control measures for prevention of asynchronous、overload、frequency collapse and voltage collapse,introduces the implementation method for opening the electromagnetic loop and leveling & districting operation.The evaluation indices system for the emergency management to large-scale blackout is systematically proposed and established by this paper.The indices system is built upon the characteristics of large-scale blackout,following the general theory about emergency management and applying the thought of systems theory and methodology.The method of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP) is introduced,the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of each index,then fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is performed hierarchically.The evaluation indices system for the emergency management to large-scale blackout is systematically proposed and established by this paper.The indices system is built upon the characteristics of large-scale blackout,following the general theory about emergency management and applying the thought of systems theory and methodology.The method of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP) is introduced,the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of each index,then fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is performed hierarchically.更多还原