【作者】 王佳；

【导师】 孙利天；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 依托于“实践”范畴来理解马克思的哲学观变革,是近年来国内马克思主义哲学界的一个主要研究热点。在马克思哲学中,“实践”不仅仅具有贯穿始终的方法论意义,而且还具有本体论意义,进而构成马克思全部哲学的起点和归宿。可以说,马克思的意识形态批判、政治经济学批判以及对现代社会的全部批判都内在的统摄于“实践”这一核心范畴。这其中,物质生产实践更是被理解为“实践的基底样式”。本文在系统清理马克思有关“生产实践”思想的基础上,对“生产实践”的思想渊源、内在结构及其当代发展进行了深入考察,最后得出:马克思对“生产实践”的构建,是对西方传统“道德实践”哲学的继承和延展。并且,在更深层次上,本文试图通过对“自由”的分析和理解,从而实现“生产实践”与“道德实践”真正的统一。不言而喻,在当前的马克思哲学研究中,只有准确把握马克思哲学的“实践”范畴,才能真正地理解马克思所实现的哲学观变革,以及对整个西方传统哲学的根本超越,这也正是本文所要书写和弘扬的理论主旨。更多还原

【Abstract】 Practice was the core idea in Marxist reformation on philosophical viewpoint. Though it is a popular concept, there were few people who have grasped the essence of the meaning. It can be said that the understanding of Marxism depends on the understanding of practice. No matter how hot the argument is, the only fact is that the previous views did not provide deep research into the concept of Marxist practical view reforms or a clear demonstration of the distinctions between Marxist practical views and those traditional ones. The material production is the starting point of human being. Based on the whole concept of western practice philosophy and the analysis of the meaning of freedom, Marx realized the unity between production practice and moral practice. There are six parts of the present thesis as follows:Chapter One: IntroductionThe concept of practice in Marx’s theory plays a very important role. As the first and the basic point, the establishment of practice implied Marxist reformation on philosophical viewpoint. This provides us the precondition to discuss the field. By tracing back to the tradition of western practice philosophy, we believe that only by grasping the concept of practice, can we to find the key to guide our socialism practice.Chapter Two: Birth of the Concept“Production Practice”“Production Practice”, proposed in the history of Marxist philosophy, had experienced three stages: Firstly, in his Economic and Philosophy Manuscripts in 1844, Marx turned the concrete labor to labor in general, and the objectified labor improved the value position of labor, which made the labor as a activity with its own aim; Secondly, in 1845, the publication of Theses on Feuerbach marked the establishment of“thinking mode based on practice”. This thinking mode understood person from himself and from the nature of human being; Thirdly, in The German Ideology, Marx affirmed practice as production practice. It was production that decided social relations. The essence of Marxist reformation on philosophical viewpoint was to understand human being and social relations by production. We could put simply that production practice was the original power of social development.Chapter Three: The Origin of“Production Practice”In the essence, the viewpoint of“Production Practice”marked the establishment of thinking mode based on practice. However, the process confirmed that the nature of human being lied in himself and the mode of his living. Man had not only moral property, but also the sum of multiple property. Base on traditional practice philosophy, production practice transcended moral practice. The focus point was the concept of“sensuous activity”. In the field of social history, sensuous activity, or labor, as a kind of“active intuition”, incarnated human’s practical activity of production, which enlarged the varieties and united subjectivity and objectivity. As a contemporary philosophy in its true sense, the change of thinking mode was the achievement of Marxist reformation on philosophical viewpoint, which was the result of the thinking mode that transcended the whole western thinking modes. So we can find that the aim and ideal of Marx are how to understand and change the world.Chapter Four: Contemporary Development of“Production Practice”In modern times, the relation between capital and practice became even closer. The capital production refers to the universal production, which is composed of the material production, the production of man, the production of social systems and the cultural production. The consequence of universal production was globalization.“Virtual production”and“desire production”were the expression of modern production; The whole reality is forcibly gathered in the“capital”; The capitalism social systems became more perfect and concealed; The resistance to capital became nothing. But the negation of the capital was determined by the nature. We should make use of it and transcend it at the same time. In conclusion, it can be put that, as a rule, we are living within capital, and Marx had not changed the problem domain. In this sense, how to transcend the capital and its historical position is still a major theoretical problem which contemporary Marxist philosophy should be concerned.Chapter Five: Unity of Production Practice and Moral PracticeAccording Marx’s writings, we could find that the concept of Marx’s practice is not only material production, but also includes the concept of moral implication that Aristotle maintained. Through Hegel’s work, Marx replaced the thinking process with production process. The concept of freedom as a medium surmounted the production practice and moral practice divisions, and meanwhile, united them. In Marx’s opinion, the labor means free labor; the free labor became necessary in communist. So the production practice and moral practice are united in reality. On the one hand, the production practice was the basis of moral practice; on the other hand, the production of practice contained in the value of distribution was the essence of moral practice.Chapter Six: The Basic Principles of Contemporary Socialism ProductionHow to cope with the socialism production in China is a major issue. We should adhere to the main principles of scientific development view to establish the idea of taking man as the base, so as to realize the coordinate conditions among people, nature and society. Eventually, a fair, justice and prosperous harmonious society will be set up. Furthermore, we should make a deep and talented touch into the issue of practice, guiding our activities for the solutions to such problems as unemployment, energy-waste, emission reduction and so on in our society. In short, by tracing back to the tradition of western practice philosophy, the core of the present thesis is to find that Marx’s philosophy is the theory of universal production and transcends moral practice.更多还原