【作者】 金永花；

【导师】 尹豪；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 韩国实现了较快的经济增长,并在短时间内完成了人口转变,在这一过程中出现了劳动力的短缺现象。自1991年起韩国正式允许外籍劳动力的引进,外籍劳动力的引进可缓解劳动力不足的问题,也有助于韩国社会经济的发展。分析韩国外籍劳动力的现状与相关政策以及对韩国经济发展的影响,对中韩交流与合作有一定的借鉴意义。本论文以劳动力国际迁移等理论为基础,根据韩国统计厅、韩国法务部、韩国劳动部、韩国劳动研究院等官方的统计资料,对统计数据进行比较和分析,探讨韩国外籍劳动力引进规律及政策特点,分析外籍劳动力对韩国经济发展的影响。在此基础上,分析了韩国外籍劳动力政策未来的发展趋势,并结合我国国情提出进一步完善劳务输出机制,增加对韩劳务输出的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The number of South Korea’s foreign labor has reached 548,232 up to January 2009. Majority of these foreign workers are engaged in the manufacturing sector, construction sector, and some service sectors. The inflow of foreign labor does alleviate the manpower shortage in South Korea, and impact on South Korean economic development.This study analyzes the current situation of South Korea’s foreign labor, related policies, as well as the effects on economic development, and explores the future trend of foreign labor policy in South Korea. It is favorable for the communication and cooperation between South Korea and China to strengthen the analysis and research of South Korean labor market meanwhile it has certain reference in China’s managing foreign workers.The thesis consists of six parts in addition to its introduction.Chapter one provides the definition of foreign labor and related theories of international migration, and analyzes the reasons caused international labor migration and the impacts on the countries labor migration from and forward. The main factors for international labor migration can be divided into economic factors and non-economic factors. In the current society where few war and disaster happens, labor migration is mainly resulted from economic factors, such as wages, supply and demand of labor force, economic cycle, etc. For the countries labor migration from, labor migration contributes to alleviating the employment pressure, increasing sources of foreign exchange, improving consumption capability of foreign workers and their family members, and absorbing advanced technologies and management experience. ` For the countries labor migration forward, it can meet the demand for labor force and increase the total wealth of society, reduce labor costs and increase labor productivity.Chapter two analyzes the situation of South Korean economic growth and the influences of labor force on the economic growth. South Korea successfully carried out outward-oriented development strategies and started a five-year economic development plan in the 1960s where South Korean economy recovered from the brink of collapse and created " Miracle on the Han River." In the process of rapid economic development, the labor factor in South Korea played a great role. In 1960-1974 the contribution rate of labor force to economic growth reached 23.5%. In particular, South Korea’s labor exports improved the balance of payments, and promoted the economic growth. In 1965-1983, South Korea’s labor exports made 10 billion dollars, in 1976 the contribution rate of remittances of labor exports to economic growth reached 4.3%.Chapter three demonstrates the current situation of the introduction of foreign labor from the background under which foreign workers move to South Korea. First, the introduction of foreign labor has expanded. Since 1991 South Korea launched officially the policy on foreign labor, the number of foreign workers to South Korea has grew. Especially after 2004 when the employment permit system was carried out, th number of the introduction of foreign labor has expanded. The amount of foreign workers has reached over 500,000 to January 2009 in South Korea. Secondly, the working areas foreign labor workers engaged in cover more sectors. Since employment permit system was implemented, foreign workers could work on some services sector in addition to traditional industries such as manufacturing sector. Besides, the wage level of foreign labor has increased. Employment permit system provides foreign workers three rights regulated in Labor Law and qualifies foreign workers to be protected by the Minimum Wage Law in South Korea. Finally, illegal foreign labor occupies much percent of South Korea’s foreign labor. Wages of illegal foreign workers is even higher than that of legal ones, which identifies a significant feature in the introduction of foreign workers in South Korea. Chapter four conveys the evolution of South Korea’s foreign labor policy, analyzes the current status and problems on implementing foreign labor policy, and provides some suggestions. South Korea’s foreign labor policy has gone through a tortuous process of development. South Korea enacted foreign labor policy and industrial technology training system in 1991 at first time. The system does not provide foreign workers an identity of worker, so it has been criticized at home and abroad during its implementation process. Later South Korea launched training and employment system, employment management system, which are extensions of the industrial technology training system. In 1995 South Korea’s Ministry of Labor put forward a proposal for employment permit system, which suffered strong disapproval from South Korean small-medium business administration, and small-medium enterprises federation. There was no substantial development of the proposal. In 2004, with the efforts from South Korea’s Department of State Adjustment and Ministry of Labor the employment permit system was able to be carried out finally. Comparing to industrial technology training system and the effects of employment permit system implemented, South Korea abolished the industrial technology training system in 2007, instead, foreign labor policy follows the employment permit system. At present, some academic experts and scholars suggest introducing labor permit system to perfect South Korean foreign labor policies. Therefore, in the future South Korean foreign labor policy would be further discussed and explored.Chapter five analyzes the impacts of foreign labor on South Korean industrial development, labor market and small-medium business. After 1987 South Korea having experienced the labor movement, such a phenomenon appeared that South Korean workers avoided working in certain sectors. The manufacturing sector, agriculture and some other sectors suffered from shortfall of manpower. The inflow of foreign workers alleviated the manpower shortage and promoted industrial development. In addition, with the increased number of South Korea’s foreign labor, whether foreign labor would bring out South Korean labor market shock, and whether foreign workers would replace South Korean workers becomes a controversial argument. Based on the analysis, foreign workers show no obvious effects on replacing South Korean workers, whereas they do complement the quality and quantity of South Korean labor market.Chapter six analyzes the future trend of South Korean foreign labor policy and the enlightenment on China. The number of working-age population will decrease in South Korea in the next 10 years when labor shortage would emerge, the demand for white-collar workers who acquire new knowledge and have capability of developing would increase. China should grasp the opportunity to strengthen the cooperation of labor service with South Korea, and improve the comprehensive quality and the personnel structure of labor exports.更多还原