【作者】 张珺；

【导师】 李明贤；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 我国是发展中国家,农业是国民经济的基础。但近年来我国农业经济发展缓慢,农民负担沉重,农村社会问题日益突出……,“三农”问题已经严重阻碍了我国的经济增长和社会发展。造成“三农”问题的一个主要原因是我国农村公共产品的供给问题:我国现行的农村公共产品供给总量不足、供给结构不合理、供给效率低、负担欠公平等问题。我国政府非常重视这一问题,中共中央和国务院在2004至2008年连续几年的中央“1号文件”中,都非常重视“三农”问题,在社会主义新农村建设的今天,如何有效的供给农村公共产品已成为学术界研究的热点问题之一。本文以农村社会转型、打破城乡二元经济、统筹城乡发展、建设新农村为研究背景,对我国农村公共产品的供给问题展开研究。本文在梳理既有研究成果的基础上,对农村公共产品供给的内涵和相关理论进行界定和阐述,探讨农村公共产品供给与农业和农村社会经济发展、与农民增收之间的关系。从定量角度对我国农村公共产品供给的规模和效益进行定量的回归模型分析,并用此模型分析了若实现城乡统筹发展,农民和城市居民享受同等的公共消费,城乡居民的生活水平同步提高,在坚持“多予少取”的原则下,我国目前的农村公共产品的供给仍严重不足,政府的财政支农资金还远远不能满足需要,得出财政支农资金至少要在近几年内达到一万亿人民币才能弥补目前的农村公共产品供给资金不足的现状。本文除了对供给资金进行定量分析外,对国农村公共产品供给不足、供给过程中供给不足与供给相对过剩并存、供给中存在区域差别、供给效率低以及等问题进行了分析,从定性角度较为全面地对我国农村公共产品供给的历史沿革和政策演变进行系统分析,揭示和分析现行我国农村公共产品供给方面存在的主要问题,我国农村公共品供给变迁具有明显的路径依赖特征,农民自我供给有着深厚的历史渊源。改革开放以来,虽然农民的劳动积极性得到极大的提高,但农村公共产品的供给并没有因改革开放而得到改善,相反的却陷入了困境,尤其是税费改革后,农村公共品供给出现了更大的缺口,已经发展到严重影响农民增收、农业和农村的发展,本文对产生我国农村公共产品供给问题的原因进行了深入的分析,为实现经济的快速增长,我国长期实行的是“重工轻农”、“城乡分治”的经济发展战略,对农村的汲取多,给予少,这是造成农村公共产品长期供给不足的根本原因。我国农村公共产品供给过程中,政府供给权责不清,“越位”“错位”“缺位”现象严重,长期以来采取的是“自上而下”的供给决策机制,在供给过程中较少的考虑农民的利益,导致农民急需的公共产品供给不足,而农民不需要的公共产品却存在着相对过剩,不仅损害了农民的利益,而且使有限的公共资金还未能从分发挥作用,表现为农村公共产品的供给效率低下。本文在借鉴国外农村公共产品供给的实践经验基础上,结合我国国情和当前的新农村建设的政策,对完善我国农村公共产品的供给提出了合理的建议。坚持“多予少取”和公平的原则,继续加大政府对“三农”的支持力度,加强政府职能的转变,构建服务型政府,急农民之所急,构建“自下而上”和“自上而下”相结合的农村公共产品供给决策机制,为农民提供满意公共产品和服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a developing country and the agriculture is the foundation of national economy. In recent years, however, agriculture economy in our country has developed slowly, the farmers’ burden is heavy, and social problems in countryside are increasingly outstanding. The three problems have already obstructed the increase of economy and social development in China. One main cause of these problems refers to the supply of rural public good: the total amount of the supply of rural public good is shortage, the structure of the supply isn’t reasonable, the efficiency of supply is low, and the burden is inequality between residents in rural area and those in urban. The government has attached greater importance to these problems. In the No.1 document of Central Committee for the recent consecutive years from 2004 to2008, both the CPC Central Committee and the State Council pay a lot of attention to these problems. At the present stage, a period of construction of the new socialist countryside, how to efficiently supply rural public good becomes a hot point in today’s academe. Based on the research background of the transformation of country society, the cracking of the dual structure in urban and rural economy, the coordination of development in urban and rural areas, and the construction of the new socialist countryside, this article researched the supply of rural public good in China.Base on trimming research results of predecessors, this article described and defined the concept of and theory about the supply of rural public good and discussed the relationship between the supply of rural public good and the development of agriculture and social economy in rural areas as well as the increase of farmers’ income. This article also analyzed the scale and benefit of the supply of rural public good though regression model with quantitive analysis and then used the model analyzed that if the coordination of urban and rural areas was achieved, residents of cities and countryside shared the same public productions, and the standards of living for urban and rural people was improved with the same pace, the supply of rural public good, in accordance with the principle of "give more and get less", is still shortage ,and fiscal fund for assisting agriculture still can’t meet the demand. Then with this model this article concluded that to make up the shortage of capital used for the supply of rural public good, more than 1000 billion RMB is required by fiscal fund for assisting agriculture in a few coming years.Besides analyzing supply capital with quantity, this article also analyzed other problems associated with public productions such as the shortage in the supply of rural public good in China, the coexistence of under-supply and relative over-supply in the process of supply, the difference among areas in the process of supply, and the inefficiency of supply. From the aspect of quantities analysis, this article also roundly and systemically analyzed the history and policy evolution of the supply of rural public good in China, and discovered the current, primal problems exiting in the supply of rural public good. The transformation of the supply of rural public good has evident characteristic of route dependence, and it has long history that farmers supplied public productions themselves. Since China adopted the reform and opening-up policy in late 1978,the initiative of the peasants has been aroused, but the supply of rural public good has not been improved because of reform and opening; contrary the supply has been caught in difficult position, especially after tax rate reform, bigger breach in the supply of rural public good has appeared; these problems have developed to such a serious extent that the increase of farmer’s income and the development of agriculture and countryside were impacted. This article analyzed the reasons of these problems: to achieve the rapid, economic growth, our country adopted a strategy of "concentrate efforts only on industry and neglect the agriculture" in a long time, drawing too much from rural area and giving few. In the process of the supply of rural public good, the right and duty of government is unclear. The phenomenon of "offside", "malposition", "vacancy place " is grave. For a long time, the government adopted a "from above to below" decision-making mechanism associated with supply and considered less of famer’s benefits, leading the shortage of public productions farmer needed and the over-supply of unnecessary public production; it not only has damaged farmers’ interests but also has caused the limited funds fail to produce a marked effect, showing inefficient of the supply of rural public good.Based on drawing the practical experience of the supply of rural public good in foreign countries, this article, combining with our national condition and the policies of building new socialist countryside, proposed a reasonable suggestion about consummating the supply of rural public good of china.Insisting the principle of "give more and get less" and impartiality, our government should continue to increase support on agriculture, farmers, and rural area, and strengthen the transformation of government function and structure, built a type of serving government, meat the demand of farmers, and construct a decision-making mechanism, which the "from bottom to top" and "from above to below" mechanism was well combined, about the supply of rural public good, providing to peasants satisfied public productions and serves.更多还原