《内经》有关脏腑认识不同理论与观点的研究

【作者】 陈子杰；

【导师】 翟双庆；

【作者基本信息】 北京中医药大学 ， 中医基础理论， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 《内经》是我国现存最早的一部医学典籍,其收纳了西汉以前众多医家学术思想,在很大程度上保留着秦汉医学文献的本来面目,其中一部分是出自后人的增补,而且从内容中还显露出许多学术观点的分歧,这反映出其决不是出自一人的手笔,也不是一个时代、一个方域的医学成就,而是在一个相当长的时期内,众多医家学术思想的总结汇编。本论文从各家学说角度系统研究《内经》脏腑中不同理论与观点,为当前《内经》的研究探索一条新的研究思路,论文分为四部分:第一部分是《内经》及其各家学说性质的研究概况。本部分总结近十年来《内经》研究概况,指出其理论研究占据主体地位,多学科研究侧重哲学思想基础,临床研究日趋重视,现代实验研究不可或缺,科学普及研究崭露头角,其重要成果就是“内经学”的提出与建立,这对于深刻理解和掌握《内经》的学术思想,促进《内经》研究都具有重要意义,但是从各家学说角度系统研究《内经》中不同甚至相互矛盾的学术观点尚需要加强。第二部分是《内经》不同脏腑理论与观点的分类探讨。本部分选择《内经》中不同脏腑理论与观点作为研究对象,进行对《内经》各家学说性质的深入研究,一方面探讨以阴阳、五行为纲研究方法的可行性,另一方面探索总结其他研究方法。为了避免专题过多、过细,使总结出来的不同学说也较纷繁、过于零散,于是将《内经》有关脏腑的不同理论观点从脏腑概念、脏腑数目、脏腑分类、脏腑阴阳五行属性、脏腑配属、脏腑功能、脏腑认识、脏腑与官窍、脏腑与神志、脏腑与时令、脏腑与经络、脏腑与五味十二个方面进行了分类探讨,并分析其产生原因主要是由于理论基础的不同、理论前后发展的不同、认识角度的不同引起,其多学科交叉也有一定的影响,至于后世医家认识的不同多出现代表不同理论与观点的经文上,即后世医家争议之处确实为我们提供了很多研究线索。第三部分是由《内经》不同脏腑理论与观点研究引发的思考。本部分在《内经》不同脏腑理论与观点的分类探讨基础上展开了几个思考,首先从脏腑的不同理论与观点的研究中进一步明确了《内经》各家学说的性质,并从《内经》的成书背景、篇名内容、古文献引用等方面引证;探讨《内经》各家学说性质研究方法,指出应从学派划分、哲学基础划分开展;研究《内经》不同理论与观点的确定方法,指出应从经文矛盾、历代注家争议、与《难经》比较等方面入手研究;在以上研究的基础上也引发了如何看待《内经》不同理论与观点、经文有异之处、后世注家争议、与中医基础理论关系等问题的思考,对当前《内经》研究有一定的借鉴意义。第四部分是总结与展望。本部分总结了《内经》的重要性以及从各家学说角度研究《内经》的重要意义,指出立足《内经》不同学术观点,从各家学说角度研究《内经》应是《内经》一个不可或缺的研究方向,而且开展《内经》中不同理论与观点的研究有利于挖掘《内经》理论的新内涵、开拓《内经》研究的新思路、探索《内经》临床的新突破,相信这样的研究能开辟《内经》研究的一个新局面,也为《内经》研究提出了具体任务。综上,本论文以《内经》原文为基础,从各家学说角度研究《内经》,并着重对《内经》中有关脏腑的不同理论与研究进行了系统梳理与总结分析,对当今研究《内经》有一定的启示意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nei jing is the most original ancient medical book which still exist in our country,integrated with many experience from lots of medical experts before Xihan dynasty,keep the true features of medical references of Qin and Han dynasty at the most extent,and one part of which is supplemented by successors in this field.In addition,from the supplement we found out that many differences of academic opinions which told us it was the medical achievement written not by one person, not in the same era or region,but the summary and assemble of many medical experts’ experiences in a very long history.In this essay, from the view of GeJiaXueShuo(Different Schools of Traditional Chinese Medicine),we study on the different theories and opinions in organic viscera(Zangfu) of Neijing,a new way which we explored to carry out research on Neijing at present.This essay consists of four parts:The first part is the overview of nature of Neijing.In this part, we concluded that in the recent decade,theory syudy is the major part of researching on Neijing.Multidisciplinary study laid particular emphasis on philosophy,clinical research becoming more and more important,modern laboratory study indispensable,popular science research cut a splendid figure,one of the great achievement is the foundation of Neijing.This has great significance on understanding and mastering the academic thought of Nei jing,and prompt the research of Neijing.While from the view of GeJiaXueShuo,study on different or even contradictory academic opinion should be reinforced.The second part is the summary and classification of different Zangfu viscera theory and opinions.In this part,selecting the different Zangfu viscera theory and opinion as the object being studied, we study the further study on the nature of GeJiaXueShuo of Neijing, in one hand we can verify the feasibility of study by yin and yang, five elements,and explore and summary other way to study on the other hand.To avoid the special topics are too much or subdivided,make the different theories concluded too much and scattered,therefore the different theories and opinions related to zangfu in Neijing are discussed from conception,number,classification,features of yin and yang,five elements,ascription,function,cognition of Zangfu,Zangfu and organs and openings,Zangfu and Mind,Zangfu and Seasons,Zangfu and meridians,Zangfu and five tastes by proof-providing and classifying,with the aim to certify that there are many different opinions inNeijing.And some of these opinions caused by different theory foundation,some caused by the different academic achievements in different period,some by the different view angle of the ancient medical experts etc,also the interdiscipline has some certain impacts.The third part is the analysis on discussion on the different Zangfu theories and opinions refer to Neijing.This part based on the different Zangfu theories and opinions existed in Neijing.The different cognition of the experts in later generation had limited effects on the scripture which represent the different opinions.What the medical experts in the later generation actually provided us many clue for study.The study on the different Zangfu theories and opinions refer to Neijing also teaches us how to look upon the the different theories and opinions in Neijing,the different parts in Neijing,the argument on the annotation by different experts in the later generation, and the relationship between Neijing and the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine which has much significance for reference to the research on Neijing at present.This part is the exploration on nature of GeJiaXueShuo of Neijing.From the few data and the background,content of character name,ancient references cited, academic schools,philosophy basis,contradiction of content, arguments of annotation experts in past dynasties,and the comparison with "Nanjing"(Difficult Classic) and other aspects,to analyze and explore the origin of the nature of GeJiaXueShuo,clarify the nature of GeJiaXueShuo of Neijing,and make foundation for the further study.The fourth part is the conclusion and prospect.This part conclude the importance of Neijing and the significance of studying on Neijing from the angle of GeJiaXueShuo,which pointed out that based on the different academic opinion in Neijing,studying Neijing from the angle of GeJiaXueShuo is an indispensable way.We also study on the different Zangfu theories and opinions refer to Neijing has the profit to find out the new look of Neijing,expand the new way to study on Neijing, explore the new breakthrough in clinical practice of Neijing.We believe such study will establish a new situation of Neijing.All in all,this essay based on the original of Neijing,carries out the study on Neijing from the angle of GeJiaXueShuo,systematically sorts,concludes and analyzes the different theory and research of Zangfu in Neijing,which has great significance on the research on Neijing at present.更多还原