【作者】 汤浩；

【导师】 邵培仁；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文重点探讨了媒介排斥的现象和过程、媒介排斥的原因、媒介排斥的评估和治理三个方面的问题。绪论对国内外媒介排斥议题相关研究做出综述,该部分认为:媒介排斥是社会排斥的重要维度;传播学者在知晓权、传播权和传媒接近权等方面的研究为媒介排斥研究提供了理论依托;议程设置理论、沉默的螺旋论、知沟研究等从侧面揭示了媒介排斥的过程和机制。第一章分析了大众传播作为“场域”的构成和特点,并提出媒介排斥的主要对象——社会弱势群体。该部分认为,传播场域由政府、广告主、生产者、受众、规制者、传播机构六方构成,并具有空间的依赖性、争斗的复杂性、边界的开放性、影响的广泛性和关系的内隐性五个特点。媒介权益事关传播公平。第二章认为,媒介排斥常常是一个与文化排斥相互交织发挥影响的过程,但又不完全等同于文化排斥。在这个过程中,部分社会群体(如农民工、女性)以及他们的声音和意见,在大众传媒信息传播系统中遭受轻视、误解、歧视、歪曲,甚至被排除在媒介信息传播过程之外,他们的媒介权益遭到忽视、挤压或剥夺。第三章到第六章具体分析了媒介排斥的过程。基于经济利益考虑,广告主成为媒介排斥的第一主体,在媒介“场域-惯习”的制约下,媒介生产者充当了执行者的角色。媒介排斥具有选择机制、心理机制和运作机制,并采用一系列的策略:利用、“救济”、批评、忽略和淡化、压制和隔离、抛弃。媒介排斥弱势话语、文化和群体。在传播场域,农民工的媒介身份被丑化,逐渐由传播场域的失语者演变为社会的边缘人。符号、科技、目标受众是媒介排斥的中介。媒介排斥的影响和危害表现为:表达障碍、沟通阻隔与弱势群体的边缘化,信息贫困、信息鸿沟与贫富分化,媒介幻像与受众疏离。第七章探讨了治理媒介排斥的战略和基本路径。该部分对不同省份媒介排斥程度的强弱作了评估;对李雷“信息和谐三角模式”进行修正,提出基于政府、媒介、广告主、受众四方互动的矩形模式,评估媒介排斥程度。第八章探讨了全球化时代的媒介排斥现象。全球传播中的媒介排斥主要表现在政治、经济和文化三个方面。应对“全球媒介”排斥,应政府引导,构建以我为主、覆盖全球的国际新闻传播体系;重点扶持以新闻媒体为核心的现代“大传媒业”的发展;以文化产品的输出为先导,推进中华文化与西方文化的接轨与对话;增强我国传媒“软实力”,打造具有国际影响的跨国媒体。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper emphasizes on Phenomenon, process and cause of mass media exclusion, as well as the evaluation and governance to it.The exordium section summarizes related researches about the issue of mass media exclusion in both domestic and overseas. It includes: Mass media exclusion is an important dimension of social exclusion; Studies on the right to know, to communicate, the right of access to mass media by scholars provide theoretical basis for researches of mass media exclusion; Theories of agenda-setting, silent spiral and knowledge gap reveal the process and mechanism of mass media exclusion from one side.First chapter analyses structures and characteristics of mass communication as"field" and it proposes the main object of mass media exclusion——socialvulnerable groups. This part discusses six elements of communication field:government, advertising clients, producers, audiences, regulation makers and communication institutions and five features: spatial dependence, complexity of combat , openness of Boundary , generalized of effect and covertness of relation. Rights and interests of mass media are related to fairness of communication. Second chapter discusses that mass media exclusion always interacts with cultural exclusion, but they are not completely identical. During this process, some social groups, such as peasant workers and females, as well as their voices and opinions are despised, misunderstood, discriminated, distorted and even excluded by the information communication system and procedure of mass media. Their rights and interests of mass media are ignored, squeezed or deprived.Chapter three to six analyze the procedure of mass media exclusion concretely. Advertising clients become the first subject of mass media exclusion basing on consideration of economic interests and mass media producers play the role of executor. Mass media exclusion possesses selective, psychological and operating mechanism. Moreover, it adopts a series of strategies: utilization,"relief", criticism, neglect and dilution, suppression and isolation and desertion. Mass media excludes vulnerable discourse, cultures and groups. In communication field, media indentity of peasant workers is vilified and they change from aphasiac to marginal nan in society gradually. Symbols, technology and object audiences are the intermediary of mass media exclusion. The influence and harmfulness of mass media exclusion are: expressive obstacle, communicative barrier and marginalization of vulnerable groups, information poverty, information gap and differentiation of wealth, mass media phantom and audiences estrangedness.Chapter seven studies the strategy and basic approach to governance mass media exclusion. This part evaluates the degree of mass media exclusion in different provinces. Also, it revises Li Lei’s "triangle pattern of information harmony" and presents "rectangular pattern" based on interaction of government, mass media, advertising clients and audiences. Chapter eight discusses mass media exclusion in the era of globalization. Mass media exclusion in global communication manifests the aspects of polity, economy and culture. To cope with "global mass media" exclusion, international communication system dominated by the government should be constructed, and development of modern "comprehensive mass media industry" whose core is news media shoud be supported emphatically. China ought to promote joint track and dialogue between Chinese and western culture on the premise of exporting cultural products. In addition, mass media in our country can try to improve soft power and become multinational mass media with international influence.更多还原