节点文献
中国物流近代化研究（1840-1949年）
【作者】 贾杉；
【导师】 傅建成；
【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 经济史， 2009， 博士
【摘要】 “物流”是20世纪中期才兴起的一个现代管理学概念,然而,在此概念诞生之前,人类社会中就早已存在着传统的物流活动。对于中国来说,也是如此。在近代之前的传统中国社会中,物流实践广泛存在于社会经济生活的各个领域,几千年来,积累了丰富的传统物流经验与思想。鸦片战争之后,随着社会政治经济体制的变迁,传统物流方式也开始发生了变化,并最终向着近代化的方向发展,对中国社会产生了深远的影响:一方面,作为中国近代化的先导力量,物流近代化对于近代中国政治、经济、社会进步等方面都有着巨大推动作用,为中国现代工商业发展奠定了良好基础;另一方面,对于当今中国物流产业振兴来讲,物流近代化的历史经验与教训为其提供了重要的参考与借鉴。然而,目前物流近代化研究在国内外学术界一直处于边缘化状态,研究的广度与深度极为不足,与其它经济史研究领域相比仍处于较低水平。因此,对中国物流近代化的考察不但从理论上为当代中国物流现代化研究做了其所或缺的基础性建设工作,为物流现代化发展提供了理论依据与参考;而且从现实意义上看,物流近代化研究对当代中国物流产业振兴以及国民经济发展有着现实的借鉴与指导意义;此外,对于中国经济史研究领域以及现代物流学学科建设来说,都有着补足与促进作用。全文没有采用传统的历史时间叙述顺序,而是在马克思经济理论的框架内,将近代化理论与现代物流学概念创新性的相结合,从技术—思想—制度递进的近代化发展层面对物流近代化的发轫及其影响进行了探讨。全文不包括结语部分共分为六个章节:在第一章中,对物流近代化的研究主体、选题意义及研究方法进行了交待,并对前人的研究做了整理与评价,勾勒了全文的大致思路与框架。第二章中从历史环境、自然环境、经济环境以及政治环境四个方面对中国近代物流产生的背景环境做一白描性的勾勒,为中国物流近代化研究进行基础性的背景铺陈。从第三章到第五章的篇章构建可以看出本文把器物层面的变迁与思想层面的变迁,放置于政治、经济体制的变迁之前。在第三章中考察了物流技术在中国的出现与发展;在第四章中分析了对中国近代历史发展影响深远的三次思潮在推动物流近代化中的作用;而在第五章中才考察了与物流相关的制度变革。同时,在对近代中国物流发展所需环境铺垫、技术革命、以及思想推动三个方面做出充分讨论后,依据近代化理论中所普遍认同的衡量标准:产业资本的积聚、资本主义雇佣劳动关系的出现、经营方式及管理体制的变革,在第五章中着重对中国发轫于19世纪末20世纪初的物流近代化做出了判断。那么,对近代中国来说,物流近代化有何意义?这是在得出物流近代化判断后一定会遇到的问题。本文在第六章中对此问题做出了解答,指出物流近代化对近代中国市场发展、城市变迁以及工农业等经济部门发展的影响与意义。在结语部分,对全文进行了整合与反思,提出了中国物流近代化是历史传统辐射与西方示范效应双重变量推动下的“后发外生型”模式。继而对中国物流近代化做出了评价,指出物流近代化是中国近代化发端的标志之一;阐述了物流近代化发展的不平衡性;分析了物流近代化过程中所遇到的阻碍。最后从现实意义上分析了物流近代化对中国现代物流产业振兴的借鉴与启示作用。
【Abstract】 "Physical Distribution" is a modern economics and management concept which springs from the latter half of the 20th century, however, before the birth of this concept, traditional physical distribution activities had already existed in human society. For China, the same is true. In pre-modern traditional Chinese society, the practice of Physical distribution widely existed in all areas of social and economic life. For thousands of years, a wealth of traditional Physical distribution experience and thought has been accumulated. After the Opium War, with the changes of social political and economic system, the traditional Physical distribution also changed, which finally developed towards the direction of modernization and had a profound impact on Chinese society: on the one hand, as a leading engine of the modernization of China, the modernization of Physical distribution had enormous impetus for the progress of the modern Chinese politics, economy, and society, laying a good foundation for the development of China’s modern industry and commerce; On the other hand, as to the revitalization of the current Chinese Physical distribution industry, the historical experience and lessons of the modernization of Physical distribution provide an important reference and benefit. However, the present researches of modernization of Physical distribution in China and abroad has been in a marginalized state. Both the breadth and depth of such researches are not enough. It is still in a relative lower level if comparing with other researches in the domain of economic history. Therefore, studies on modernization of Physical distribution in China not only merely a theoretical foundation for the modernization of physical distribution and provide theoretical base and reference for the modern development of physical distribution. Moreover, viewing from practical significance, studies on modernization of physical distribution can be used for reference and direction for the thriving of Physical distribution in China and the development of economy. In addition, it also contributes to promote and supplement the built of the studies of Chinese economic history and the subject of modern Physical distribution.Without using the traditional description in the order of historical time, this article combines the modernization theory with the theory and concept of modern Physical distribution in an innovative way, talking about the birth and impact of the modernization of Physical Distribution, in terms of technique-idea-system, a progressive development of modernization. Except the conclusion part, the whole passage is divided into six chapters. In the first chapter, the study significance, the idea of the topic selecting and research methods of the modernization of the Physical distribution is introduced. Still, it orders and evaluates the research of the predecessors, outlining the general ideas and the framework of the whole passage. In the second chapter, it sketches the backgrounds and environments of the birth of China’s modern Physical Distribution, respectively from the four environments of history, nature, economy and politics, which presents a fundamental background elaboration for the research of China’s Physical distribution modernization. It can be seen from Chapter Three to Chapter Five that this passage puts the change of materials and thoughts before that of the political and economic system. In the third chapter, it reviews the emergence and development of the technology of Physical distribution in China; in the fourth chapter it analyzes the three far-reaching trends of thoughts’ impact on the modernization of Physical distribution in the development of Chinese modern history; and the fifth chapter focused on the political, economic system change associated with Physical Distribution. On the basis of full discussion of three aspects: the foundation of environments,the technological revolution and the promoting of thoughts which are necessary for the development of China’s Physical Distribution, according to the three standards which are commonly identified with: the accumulation of industrial capital, the emergence of the capitalist wage-labor relations and the changes of dealing methods and management system, Chapter Five renders judgment upon the modernization of China’s Physical distribution commencing from the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.So, for modern China, what is the significance of the modernization of Physical Distribution? This is an inevitable problem after we accept the truth of the modernization of Physical Distribution. In this paper, the sixth chapter answers this question, pointing out the modernization of the Physical distribution impact and significance on the modern Chinese market development, the city changes as well as the development of the ministry of the economy, such as industry and agriculture. The conclusion part unites and reflects over the whole passage, putting forward that the modernization of China’s Physical distribution is a "latter-striking and outside-growing" model under the impetus of the two variables: historical tradition radiation and the Western demonstration effects. Then it makes evaluation on the modernization of China’s Physical Distribution, pointing out that Physical distribution modernization is one of the hallmarks of the originator of China’s modernization; sets forth on the imbalances of the development of the modernization of Physical Distribution; analyses obstacles encountered in the process of the modernization of Physical Distribution. Finally from the points of practical significance, it analyses the modernization of Physical distribution reference and inspiration to the revitalization of China’s modern Physical distribution industry.