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柴达木盆地北缘成矿带遥感信息提取及有利成矿区预测研究
【作者】 康高峰；
【导师】 刘池阳；
【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2009， 博士
【摘要】 柴达木盆地北缘成矿带矿产资源丰富,已知矿点较多。在该带还存在着明显的铜、铅、锌、金多金属矿产的遥感影像异常和物化探异常,并且部分异常已得到钻探验证,见到厚大矿体。具有寻找新的矿产资源基地的潜力。随着高光谱遥感技术的发展,应用细分光谱仪对不同蚀变矿物进行光谱测试,并对这些数据进行相关分析,确定基于ETM空间遥感数据的矿化蚀变信息提取的最优波段组合已成为区域成矿信息提取的方法之一。本文以当代地学的最新研究成果和成矿理论为指导,以已知的地质、矿产、物化探成果为基础,以遥感图像处理分析为手段,最大限度地提取成矿一控矿地层、构造信息,研究线形构造、环形构造、块体构造的组合特征与矿产的关系以及地壳深部构造信息与找矿信息的关系;同时,在分析已知矿床(点)主要矿化蚀变类型,研究主要蚀变矿物的波谱特征及其图像识别标志和异常提取技术的基础上,最大限度地提取矿化蚀变异常信息,并通过地质分析的方法,优选野外查证目标,进行遥感矿化蚀变异常成因解析,对与成矿密切相关异常晕进行取样化验,然后根据化验结果,总结控矿遥感地质因素和矿床赋存规律,建立遥感综合找矿模型,进行有利成矿区预测。通过对研究区地质特征、成矿条件、矿产分布规律的分析总结,结合遥感成矿信息提取及对物化探探测成果进行综合评价后,以野外查找和样品化验结果为依据,预测5处成矿远景区。分别为:望北沟含Au石英脉和构造蚀变型成矿远景区、红灯沟构造蚀变型Au成矿远景区、万洞沟构造蚀变型Au、Ag、Cu成矿远景区、独龙沟Au、Ag、Fe成矿远景区及达肯大坂山Au、Ag成矿远景区。这些发现为该区进一步找矿勘探的部署和靶区的优选提高了科学依据和基础资料。多元成矿信息分析和野外查证表明,遥感矿化蚀变异常信息为地质找矿提供了重要依据,但由于目前使用的ETM数据波段较宽,图像异常错综复杂,给遥感找矿异常提取带来了一定难度,遥感图像数据所提取的遥感矿化蚀变信息还不能直接指示矿床(点)的存在。本论文应用蚀变矿物野外高光谱测试+矿化蚀变信息组合提取+遥感、物化探等地质研究成果,进行多因子综合评价的成矿预测方法在柴北缘取得了较理想的效果,对于筛选找矿靶区具有快速、经济、高效之优点,该方法所提供的找矿远景区具有见矿率高,漏矿率低的优势,可作为在西部寻找重要成矿带的一种新技术推广应用。
【Abstract】 There is abundant mineral resource in north margin mineralization belt of Chaidamu Basin and some of them have been found. But there also exist obvious remote sensing image abnormal along with geophysical and geochemical exploration abnormal as a result of copper, lead, zinc and gold polymetallic deposit. Part of these abnormal had been verified by bore hole and large mine have been disclosed. So there are big potential to find new mineral resource in this area.Along with the development of the hyperspectral remote sensing technology, one way of regional mineralization information extraction has been formed. That is test the spectrums of the different altered mineral using subdivision optical spectrometer and analyze these test data, then determine the best band combination to extract the information of mineralization and altered mineral from ETM space image.Guide by the newest research achievement and the mineralization theory of the geosciences. The author based on the known geology, mineral deposit, geophysical and geochemical exploration outcome, by means of remote sensing image processing and analysis, farthest extract information of mineralization and mine-control stratum and geological structure, research the association characteristic of the linear structure, circular structure and block structure and their relationship with the mineral, and the relationship between crust deep structure and the mineral resource. At the same time, analyze the main mineralization and alteration information in known mineral deposit or mine spot, research the spectrum of the main alteration mineral, find their identify indication and form the alteration extraction technology. Farthest extract the mineralization and alteration abnormal information, via geology analysis, chose the optimization target to investigate and verify. Resolve the cause of formation in remote sensing mineralization and alteration abnormal, sampling and test the abnormal that have close relation with the mineralization. Go on with the test result, summarize the remote sensing geology factor that control mineral formation and the rule of the mineral deposit preservation. Establish the synthetic mineralization model for remote sensing exploration and predict the advantaged mineral formation area.By analyze and sum up the geological characteristic, mineralization condition, mine distribution rule, combine with remote sensing mineralization information extraction, geophysical and geochemical exploration outcome, after general evaluation, predict five mineralization Perspective areas. They are Wangbeigou Au-including quartz vein and structural altered type mineralization Perspective area, Hongdengou structural altered type Au mineralization Perspective area, Wangdonggou structural altered type Au, Ag, Cu mineralization Perspective area, Dulonggou Au, Ag, Fe mineralization Perspective area, Dakendaban Mountain Au, Ag mineralization Perspective area. These discover provide the scientific proof and base data for dispose work area and find the target in the further mineral exploration.Multi mineralization information analysis and field investigation and verify shows that remote sensing mineralization and alteration abnormal provide the important proof for the geological exploration. But because the ETM image now we use has wide wave range, image is extremely complex. This take some difficulty for the remote sensing mineralization information abnormal extraction, the mineralization and alteration information we obtained from the remote sensing image can not show directly the existing of the mine deposit or mine spot. The author use field alteration mineral hyperspectral test, plus mineralization and alteration information combination extraction, plus known remote sensing, geophysical and geochemical exploration, geology, mineral deposit achievement, to do multi factor synthetic evaluation of mineralization prediction. This method have acquired perfect effect in north margin of Chaidamu basin. This technology has the advantage such as fast, economy, high efficiency in filtering the exploration target. The Perspective area produced by remote sensing method have the advantage of high probability to find mine deposit and can be a new technology to spread for the exploration in west big mineralization belt.