【作者】 王金良；

【导师】 蔡拓；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 政治学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪70年代以来,当代跨国关系几乎在全球政治、经济和社会领域都迅速地增强,以货物、资本、劳动力、信息,以及环境污染、走私、和犯罪等跨国扩散为代表的跨国互动行为,也以全新的传播速度和强度发展起来,这给国家的统治和管理带来来了全新的内容。日益紧迫的全球性问题也是人们重新审视以主权和核心、以军事安全为目标和以国家实力为基础的传统国际体系的一个重要原因。诸如环境问题,核扩散、贫穷、难民、人口、资源以及技术发展问题等等都是当代国际社会共同面临的问题,这些全球性问题提升了跨国权威发挥影响的空间。以联合国为代表的政府间组织旨在解决民族国家不能有效处理的全球问题,各种国际非政府组织已经成为解决全球集体行动困境的重要力量,在全球生产、贸易和金融过程中,跨国公司已经削弱了主权国家在调控经济行为的有效性和权威。在未来的全球政治变革进程中,跨国关系将会进一步发展,以及由此导致的跨国权威影响逐渐增强将会成为基本特征之一。传统国际关系特别是现实主义流派总是倾心于研究国家间政治关系,似乎这就是全球政治的全部内容。然而,如果仅仅局限于国与国之间的政治和军事关系,就可能导致理论的片面与偏见。国际社会的现实是当代的政府间组织、国际非政府组织、跨国公司、地方政府、甚至是个人都参与到了全球政治、经济和社会事务当中,构成了与国际关系对应而存在的跨国关系。跨国关系的发展必然引起跨国权威影响的提升,进而从根本上挑战国家权威。这一进程始终伴随着国家的发展历史,只不过当代的跨国权威已经上升到了一个新阶段,结果是国家的权威和职能常常会随着内外部环境的变化而调整,以适应跨国权威带来的新挑战和新问题。近几十年来,在学术研究中,以“国家中心论”为基石的现实主义学派受到了来自多方面的批评和质疑,国家中心已经成为学术批判的标靶,然而众多批判学派却没有多少可以取代的东西,或者说其理论框架并不比现实主义学派更加高明。究其根本原因,恐怕是没有从跨国行为体的互动能力、过程和结构来分析当代全球政治体系的发展、运转和变化趋势,也没有从理论上回答当代的跨国关系在本质是否是一个新现象?跨国权威在全球政治、经济和社会领域中的影响是什么?即跨国权威实施的具体限度和范围在何处?以及跨国权威与国家权威之间的关系是什么?为了解答以上问题,在本文的导论中,首先总结了跨国关系模式的内容,以及从概念上界定了跨国权威的具体内涵。在第二章中,根据不同历史时期的技术和制度发展水平,划分了跨国关系的发展阶段,在此基础上指出当代的跨国关系是一种新现象。在第三、四、五章中,分别论证全球政治、经济和社会领域中,跨国权威的表现形式和特征,在考察20世纪80年代欧洲的核裁军运动、20世纪80年菲律宾的政治社会转型以及全球反对童工的跨国治理网络三个典型案例的基础上,求证跨国权威发挥影响的限制性条件和具体影响,进而与国家权威进行比较分析。在结论中,指出跨国权威受到了国际国内环境的诸多限制,但可以断定它既不是主权国家的附属物,也不会成为它的替代品。当代的全球政治是一种以国家权威为主导、跨国权威广泛参与的“分享的权威”模式,这对于认识当代世界政治的变革趋向有着重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1970s,The contemporary transnational relations in almost global political, economic and social fields are rapidly increase, Transnational interaction behaviors such as goods, capital and labor, information, environment pollution, transnational crimes of smuggling developed by new transmission speed and strength. Increasingly urgent global problem also enables people to re-examine the traditional international system based on sovereignty as the core, military security for the goal and national strength. Problems such as environment, nuclear proliferation, poverty, refugees, population, resources and technology development, etc are contemporary problems the international community faces which ascend space transnational authority influence. Inter-governmental organizations represented by the UN aims to deal with global problems which Nations cannot effectively handle, all sorts of INGO have become important forces to solve the global collective action dilemma, in the process of global production, trade and financial, multinational corporations have weakened the effectiveness and authoritative which sovereignty regulate economic behavior. In the process of global political change, transnational relations will be further developed, as a consequence, the influence of transnational authority gradually strengthened will become one of the basic characteristics.Traditional international relations, especially the realism genre always go for political relations between countries which includes the entire content of the global politics. In fact, if the study is confined to state-to-state political and military relations, then it will be immersed in misleading and prejudice. Because the contemporary inter-governmental organization, INGO, multinational corporations, local governments, even a person have participated in the global political, economic and social affairs, and all these constitutes transnational relations corresponding with the international relations. The development of transnational relations will cause the accessional influence of transnational authority, and then challenge national authority fundamentally. This process go along with the development of national history, but the contemporary transnational authority have risen to a new stage, the result is the country’s authority and the functions vary with changes in the internal and external environment in order to adapt to the transnational authority with the new challenge and new problems.In recent decades, in the academic research, the realistic school based on "countries as theoretical core " suffered various rebuke and attack, the theory has become the target of academic criticism, however, many critical school have few replace things, or their theoretical framework is not more clever than the realism school’s. I’m afraid the fundamental cause is that they are not analyze the development, running and trends of global political system with the ability to interact, process and structure of transnational actor, they also can not answer the question that whether the transnational relations is a new phenomenon in nature theoretically? What effect the transnational authority in global political, economic and social field is? What concrete scope and extent the transnational authority implement? And what relationship transnational authority and the national authority are? To answer this question, in the above introduction, I summarized the transnational relationship model at first, and defined the concept of the transnational authority. In the second chapter, I divided the development stage of transnational relations according to the different historical period of technology and institution development level, on that basis, I pointed that contemporary transnational relations is a new phenomenon. In the third, fourth and fifth chapter, I demonstrated the form and characteristics of transnational relations in the global political, economic and social fields respectively. On the basis of three typical cases, the nuclear disarmament movement in Europe in the 1980s, the Philippines political and social transition in the 1980s and the cross-border governance network against child labor, I confirmed the restrictive conditions and the influence of transnational authorities and analyzed the national authority specifically. In conclusion, I pointed out transnational authority is confined by the domestic and international environment, but I confirmed that it is not a substitute of sovereign state, and also won’t be annexed to it, it is a“share authority”mode which national authority dominate, transnational authority participate, it is meaningful for distinguishing the trend of contemporary political change.更多还原