【作者】 吴健；

【导师】 薛刚凌；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 军事法学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 国防动员制度是我国《宪法》以及《国防法》所规定的一项重要的国家制度,也是军事法学的重要研究对象。其基本含义是国家为准备战争和实施战争而在相应的范围内由平时状态转入战时状态所采取的统一调动人力、物力、财力的紧急措施。动员制度有其自身独特的发展历史,经历了农业时代的动员、工业时代的动员以及信息时代的动员等一系列发展阶段,在战争当中的作用也变得越来越重要。国防动员的意义在于:它是保证国家安全与发展的重要因素,是平时体制与战时体制的转换枢纽,是实现国家战略的重要措施,同时也是高技术条件下战争的重要保障。从法治的视角探讨国防动员制度,也有着非常重要的意义,它是建设社会主义法治国家的必然需要,同时也是社会主义市场经济条件下协调经济建设与国防动员工作关系的必然趋势。本文采用历史分析、比较分析、规范与功能相结合等主要研究方法,首先阐明国防动员的法律概念以及国防动员的历史发展。在此基础上,提出国防动员权力行使的本质是国家紧急权的行使,归纳了动员权力行使的法理依据,对动员权的特征、内容、行使条件和行使原则充分地加以阐述,并对我国目前国防动员领域动员权力配置的特点和不足做了一定的说明。根据对动员权的分析,认为在国防动员的三个过程动员准备、动员实施与复员当中面临不同的法律问题,因此,需要采用不同的法律制度。在动员准备和复员阶段,动员活动是在平时法律体系之下进行的,国防动员法律制度的重点在于保障动员准备和复员的顺利进行;在动员实施阶段,涉及的主要法律问题包括动员的启动、体制的转换以及由此所带来的法律后果等,着重在于动员权力的行使,通过对具体的动员权力的分析,概括出动员权力行使的基本类型,并对其行使规则和法律责任做了一定的理论探讨。动员权力的行使必然会与个体权利产生冲突与摩擦,权力行使对公民产生的直接法律后果是权利或者是自由的限制。因此,在动员权力行使过程当中,也应注重对公民权利的保障,需要明确动员实施中人权保障的基本原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 Defense Mobilization (DM) system is an important state institution provided in both the Chinese Constitution and the National Defense Act. DM system means the emergency measures taken to mobilize human, material and financial resources when the state is transferring from peacetime situation to wartime situation within certain scope with the purpose of preparing for the war and carrying out the war. Mobilization system has its special history of development, having experienced different phrases of agricultural era, industrial era and information era, and is playing a more and more important role in a war. DM is significant that it is an important factor for guaranteeing the nation’s safety and development, a transferring junction from peacetime system to wartime system, an important measure to realize the nation’s strategy, and an important guarantee for carrying out the war with high technology. Research on DM system from the perspective of rule of law is also very significant, because it is required to construct a socialist country of rule of law, and it is also a necessary trend to coordinate the relations of economic construction and DM under the circumstances of socialist market economy.This paper employs such research methodology as historical analysis, comparative analysis, and combination of provisions and function. The legal conception and history of DM are firstly discussed. Then the author suggests in the paper that the essence of the exercise of power to mobilize is the exercise of state’s power to deal with emergency situations, generalizes the legal grounds of the exercise of power to mobilize, sufficiently describes the characteristics, contents, and conditions and principles of the exercise of power to mobilize, and discusses the distribution and disadvantages of the power to mobilize in the DM field presently in China. Based on the analysis of the power to mobilize, this paper thinks that different legal issues exist in the three phrases of DM, that is, preparation of mobilization, execution of mobilization and demobilization. Therefore, different legal institutions need to be adopted.In the phrases of preparation of mobilization and demobilization, the activities of mobilization are carried out under the legal system of peacetime, therefore, the emphasis of the DM legal institutions lies in guaranteeing the smooth process of the preparation of mobilization and demobilization. In the phrase of the execution of mobilization, the legal issues involved includes such as the start of mobilization, the transfer of systems, the legal consequences thereafter, and etc. The emphasis lies in the exercise of the power to mobilize. Based on the analysis of the specific powers of mobilization, this paper sums up the basic types of the exercise of power to mobilize, and discusses in theory the principles of the exercise of power to mobilize and its legal responsibility.Conflicts with individuals’rights will occur unavoidably following the exercise of power to mobilize. It will directly result in the restriction of citizens’rights and freedom. Therefore, in the process of exercise of power to mobilize, much attention shall be paid to the security of citizens’rights, and the primary principles of the protection of human rights during the execution of mobilization shall be clearly defined.更多还原