【作者】 李茀民；

【导师】 杨明；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 古代文学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 虞山诗派虽然影响清初诗坛长达百年之久,但在中国文学理论批评史上的地位,显然与它的影响不成正比。这和中国文学批评历来都在作品和人品之间画上等号的传统观念是息息相关的。因为虞山诗派的领袖钱谦益,既身处风云变幻、改朝换代的大动荡时代,却不去做一位令人景仰的忠臣烈士,反而成为一个引降投满的“明史罪人”,失节辱德,自然要成为众矢之的,为人诟病、遭人不齿。连带的致使虞山诗派也遭池鱼之殃,从因人废言扩大成因人而废“派”!因此,本论文在第二章讨论了“虞山诗派形成的历史背景和现实条件”之后,特别以第三章的第一节,比较大篇幅地介绍钱谦益的生平事迹,并由此对钱谦益的人品进行重新的评价,希望能从钱谦益充满传奇波折、委曲反复的坎坷际遇中,挖掘出一些不为人知的隐衷。惟其如此,我们才能以更中立、更公平的角度评论钱谦益以及虞山诗派的其他诗人论者和他们的诗论主张。论文第三章的第二、三节也简单介绍了钱谦益的重要弟子如冯舒、冯班、瞿式耜、郑成功、毛晋、陆贻典等,亲属与族人如钱曾、钱陆灿、钱龙惕、钱良择和柳如是等人的生平和重要著作。这些人虽然都是虞山诗派的中坚份子,但由于各人的作品类别和资料收集等方面的局限,本论文在讨论“虞山诗派的诗论内容”的第四章,主要还是以钱谦益和冯班的言论作为主要依据,再辅以冯舒、陆贻典和钱曾的若干言论作为例证。这种“一管窥豹”的作法也许不尽全面,但要勾勒出虞山诗派诗论内容的架构,基本上还是足够的。论文的第四章也将虞山诗派的某些诗论主张,和西方诗人论者的诗见稍作比较,例如:1、区别“诗有本”和“本体论”(Ontology)的不同;2、指明“兴观群怨”和美国诗人朗费罗(Henry WadsworthLongfellow,1807-1882)、英国诗人兼评论家艾略特(T.S.Eliot,1888—1965)对诗歌功能看法的相通之处;3、点出“温柔敦厚”和古希腊美学思想的集大成者亚里斯多德(Aristotle前384～前322年)对诗歌能培养人的高尚道德情操这一看法的异曲同工之处,以及东、西方两者都重视文学的表达方式,只是“温柔敦厚”所追求的是一种“中和之美”,而亚里斯多德的“卡塔西斯”则是要使人们心理达到一种“中庸、适度的情感”,从而受到审美陶冶;4、说明美国诗人庞德(Ezra Pound,1885-1972)如何通过阅读和翻译中国古典诗歌而受到中国诗歌中意象艺术的启发,由此才领悟到意象艺术的美学价值。论文的第五章在讨论“虞山诗派诗论的得失及影响”时,引用了钱谦益较少被人论及的《列朝诗集小传》和《钱注杜诗》中的若干例子,也算是“补史之阙”吧?!论文的最后一章分析了虞山诗派没落的内在原因(内部分化)和外在因素(乾隆禁销钱书),并以此作为总结,重新评定了虞山诗派在中国文学理论批评史上的地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of this thesis is to examine the values of the poetic theory of Yu Shan Poetry Society, relying mainly on the books published by the society’s members including Qian Qian Yi, Feng Ban, Feng Shu, Qian Zeng, Lu Yi Dian etc.I selected Yu Shan Poetry Society for this study because there is no precise or systematic study on the society’s poetical theories to date, even though they are important and significant.Although this study focuses on the analysis of the views of Yu Shan Poetry Society, some relevant aspects which reflect the views on the poetry of Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty are also included. In fact, it is far more complicated to read the poetic theories of Yu Shan poets from their compiled notes, as their comments are often disorganized, fragmented and non-analytical in nature. Therefore, I decided to piece together the scattered comments from the compiled notes, and to use the principle of inductive and deductive reasoning to reconstruct the theoretical framework of Yu Shan Poetry Society.The findings of this study provide us with an in-depth understanding and a more rounded picture of Yu Shan Poetry Society’s poetic theories, and also prove that Yu Shan Poetry Society’s members like Qian Qian Yi, Feng Ban, Feng Shu, Qian Zeng, Lu Yi Dian etc, are important critics who should not be ignored in the study of Chinese literary criticism.更多还原