【作者】 章羽；

【导师】 桑玉成；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 道德是一种实践精神,个体道德的养成是在实践的基础上将社会道德内化为个体道德意识并形成为道德品质的过程。个体道德养成也就是个体精神完善的过程。构成精神结构两翼的理性和非理性在辩证统一中共同作用于这个过程。本文研究的视角主要是人的非理性在个体道德养成中的作用。这样的视角在理论上和实践中往往容易受到忽视。个体道德养成就是道德认知、道德情感、道德意志形成的过程。道德认知是个体道德养成的关键和前提,在认知过程中包含着情感、意志的因素;道德情感的形成以道德认知为基础,并成为由知到行转化的动机;道德意志是知行转化的关键,并起着对道德情感调控的作用。人的非理性包含心理与认知两方面的内容。非理性在道德认知中的作用表现为,一方面以认知图式的方式作为道德认知的心理背景,影响着个体道德认知的形成过程,另一方面,在道德认知的过程中,无意识以思维定势的方式影响着个体的认知,同时情感以情绪状态的强弱影响着个体对道德知识的接受、体验、判断和内化,意志则以自身的意志力强弱调控着情感,对道德行为起着定向作用。个体非理性因素的作用使得个体面对同一情境、同一信息表现为不同的道德认知;非理性通过道德情感、道德意志的作用表现为道德情感、道德意志在知行转化和知行一致中的作用。对个体道德养成中非理性因素作用的分析,为加强道德教育和改善道德教育提供了新的视角和方法。通过加强对无意识的研究,采用“化育”的潜移默化的方式,通过加强对个体基础性道德情感的培养,以及积极引导个体道德信仰的形成等方式发挥着非理性在道德教育中的杠杆作用,不断提高道德教育的实效性,促进个体道德的完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Moral is a praxis spirit. The moral acquisition of an individual is a process of the social moral being transformed to the individual moral belief and becoming moral characters of that individual through practice. It is also a process of individual moral improvement. The two polarities of rationality and irrationality, which form the human spiritual structure, dialectically and harmoniously influence this process. The main focus of this thesis is to research on the role of human irrationality in the individual moral acquisition. Research in this perspective has been largely ignored theoretically and empirically.Individual moral acquisition is the process of the formation of moral cognition, moral sentiments, and moral will. Moral cognition is the key to and precondition of individual moral acquisition. Moral cognition process includes human sentiments, and will. The formation of moral sentiments is based on moral cognition, and becomes the motive to transform perception to action. Moral will is the key to the transform perception to action. It controls the moral sentiments. Human irrationality has two aspects, psychology and perception. In moral perception the role of irrationality acts as the psychological background of moral cognition in the form of perceptional diagrams, affecting the formation of individual moral acquisition on one hand. On the other hand, in the moral cognition process, the unconsciousness influences the individual perception by way of the mind set, and at the same time the sentiment influences through the intensity of feelings the acceptance, experience, judgment, and transformation of moral cognition by an individual. The will controls sentiments, and sets the course for moral actions depending upon the power of the will of the individual. The influence of individual irrationality makes an individual to show different moral cognition from identical situation, or information. Under the influence of moral sentiments and moral will, irrationality transforms perception to action and make perception and action consistent.The analysis of the role of irrationality in the individual moral acquisition will provide a fresh perspective and a new method in the enhancement and improvement of moral education. The research on irrationality should be enhanced. A coaching style should be adopted to distill into the moral awareness and action. The individual fundamental moral sentiments should be increasingly developed. The formation of individual moral belief should be actively guided. All these methods should be employed to leverage and promote irrationality in the moral education, increase the effectiveness of moral education, and improve the individual moral.更多还原