抗争现代名教

【作者】 金理；

【导师】 陈思和；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 论文旨在探讨现代名教的成因、危机;它何以成为中国现代思想文化发展中的一大隐疾;重点是:在抵抗现代名教的过程中,几位具有代表性的知识分子的思想与实践所提供的启示意义;以及文学所提供的反抗可能性。第一章主要界定何谓“现代名教”。“名”与人类认识能力的进步紧密相联,并且为人类提供了彼此交流的公共平台;但是在漫长的历史演进过程中,又往往滋生出危险性。我们是在一个由“名”引导的世界中,讨论其中的一种极端形态,或者说有危险的形态,即“现代名教”。“名教”本来特指以正名定分为主的封建礼教。本文主要借用其中立“名”为教的意思,通过胡适与鲁迅两例来讨论现代名教的诸种表现:比如作为抽象名词的“主义”,掩盖了“救时的具体主张”,人们所关心的,不关涉社会实际与个人生命,而只是空洞的符号:比如名实不符、鱼目混珠……以上是现代名教的第一层意思,其要旨在于“名”脱离了实际,甚或扭曲、侵吞了实际,成为空幻的符号世界。第二层意思,鲁迅的命题:“伪士当去,迷信可存。”这里现代名教产生原因在于:“名”是新的,态度却是旧的(鲁迅所谓“皮毛改新,心思仍旧”),所谓的“旧”,是指并没有在主体内心培育出坚实的接受、含纳、消化“名”的根基。中国现代是大规模输入西潮的时代,也是一个名词爆炸的时代,各种口号、学说、主张、思潮、主义如过江之鲫,但真正进入中国人主体世界内部并且对中国社会与思想文化发展产生积极影响、作用的少之又少。这其中“伪士”当道、名教膨胀正是一大原因。第二章讨论章太炎破名以求实的精神与践行,以《四惑论》为代表揭起“以论理代实在”的批判,并以“亲证”与“自贵其心”为反抗现代名教提供了宝贵资源。第三章从鲁迅在现代名教笼罩中的直观感受入手,重点研讨“伪士”批判的具体展开逻辑与实质,进而总结鲁迅知识生产的特性。第四章梳理胡风参与的实际斗争与惊涛骇浪的生命轨迹所展现的反抗现代名教的实践活动,从他所提供的主观战斗精神这一特定角度来究明反抗名教的内涵、意义与过程。第五章总结上述几位知识分子在与现代名教相搏战过程中展示的共性特征,以及文学所提供的可能性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this thesis is to study the formative cause and crisis of modern Confucian code and why it become the secret disease in modern Chinese cultural development,in which key point is the enlightening significance supplied by the thoughts and practice of several representative intelletuals and the resisting possibility by literature.Chapter I mainly defines the concept of modern Confucian code.Name closely contacts the progress of human being’s ability of recognition and forms public space of communication,whereas producing jerpardy in the long varying history.One of the extreme or dangerous pattern in this name-lead world is modern Confucian code,which originally refers to feudal ethics and rites that consists mainly of rectifying names.On the basis of regarding name as religion from the examples of Lu Xun and Hu Shi,this thesis attempts to research the manifestation of all kinds,such as abstract noun -ism concealing specific propositions of retrieving decline,what people concerns having nothing to do with social reality and human life but hollow symbols,and unworthy of the name,passing off fake articles for the real thing.The above is the first meaning of modern Confucian code,which focal point is that name breaks away from ,even distorts,swallows reality and forms an empty symbolic world.The second meaning is Lu Xun’s saying false person should be taken away and superstition is allowed to stay,from which the reason modern Confucian code taking shape is that name is new,while attitude is still old(as Lu Xun said,the superficial knowledge changes newly,thoughts still).This old means no solid foundation, which could accept,hold,digest name,fostered interiorly because of an era of importing a large number of western names or so-called noun detonation modern China in.In this era all kinds of slogans,theories,trends and -ism spread unchecked but hardly influenced Chinese spirit,culture and society positively,one of which reason is false person and modern Confucian code in the way.Chapter II discusses Zhang Tai-yan’s thoughts and practice fighting against with name and pursueing essence and his criticism to the theme substituting name for essence in his article On Four-confusion,which supply precious resources for fighting with practice by oneself and taking own opinion as the principle.Chapter III mainly studies the logic and substance of criticizing false person and summarizes the characteristics of Lu Xun’s kownledge production,starting with his direct-viewing feeling to modern Confucian code.Chapter IV manifests Hu Feng’s practice to fight against with modern Confucian code in his real struggle and difficult situation and tries to make clear fighting’s definition,meaning and process from his special viewpoint of subjective consciousness.Chapter V summarizes the common characteristics showed in the fightings between the above-mentioned intellectuals and modern Confucian code and the possibility supplied by their works.更多还原