【作者】 肖模艳；

【导师】 李如龙；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 从广义上说,比喻造词包括比喻新造词语和比喻扩展词语。前者用比喻手段创造新词,后者就已有语词用比喻手段扩展义项。以相似联想为基础的比喻词语在认知上和理解上具有特色。比喻新造词语具有新创造的词语形式,对它进行的本体研究包括:词语类型、词类特点、构词规律以及比喻语素义的形成条件。从语素的造词功能上说,比喻新造词语可以分成前喻式、后喻式、全喻式三种类型。从结构形式上说,比喻新造词语有“名+形”的形容词性双音节词、“名+动”的双音节词和“名+名”、“动/形+如+名”等模式。比喻语素义的形成需要以下条件:一般是由半喻式——前喻或后喻式当中的比喻语素决定的,构词频率高的语素,后喻式更易形成语素义,用来比拟性质而非状态的语素更易形成语素义。比喻扩展词语具有新的义项。文中区别了比喻义与引申义:比喻义属于引申义,是其下位概念。对于比喻扩展词语的本体研究包括两个方面:从内部入手,探讨了语义构成成分对比喻义的生成的影响;从外部着眼,探讨了比喻义的义项组合关系。本义朝比喻义发展是一个循序渐进的过程,对其中的发展路径,文中也进行了详细说明。比喻造词释义应当属于应用研究,它的特点是:具有形式标志、例句不丰富、义项数量较少且比喻义项位置靠后。归纳出13条比喻词语释义方式,同时指出目前比喻造词释义中存在的问题。比喻造词受所处自然和文化环境影响,具有独特的民族个性。文章对古代汉语中比喻词语折射出的文化现象、方言中比喻词语折射出的文化现象进行了探讨。同时,还对动物比喻词语进行了个案研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Generally speaking, figurative words can be categorized into newly created figurative words and extended figurative words. The former one is used to create new words by way of metaphor and the latter one increases the number of glossemes by means of metaphor. All the figurative words based on the association of similarity have the characteristics of cognition and understanding.Newly created words by means of metaphor have the formats of the newly created words and the study of them is usually focused on the following aspects: classifications of such kinds of words, the characteristics of such words, the rules of such word formation and situations for the metaphorical morpheme formation. The newly created figurative words are classified into three kinds: front-metaphorical type, back-metaphorical type, the whole-metaphorical type. The formation of the newly created words by means of metaphor has the following patterns in structure: 1) disyllabic adjective words with the structure "n. + adj."; 2) disyllabic words with the structure "n. +v."; 3) disyllabic words with the structure "n. +n."; 4) tetrasyllabic words with the structure " v./adj.+ ru (like)+n. ". The formation of metaphorical morphemes needs the satisfaction of the conditions: 1) Generally decided by the metaphorical morpheme in the half trope—front or back trope; 2) The morpheme of high frequency in word formation; 3) The back trope type is easier to constitute a metaphorical morpheme; 4) The morpheme used to compare rather than describe the state is easier to function as a new glosseme.The extended figurative words have their new glossemes. A classification of metaphoric meaning and transferred meaning has been made in this article. Metaphoric meaning is part of transferred meaning; Metaphoric meaning is a hyponym of transferred meaning. The studies of the extended figurative words are centered on two aspects: 1) start from its internal structure to explore the influence of its internal structure on formation of its metaphoric meaning; 2) start from the analysis of its external association to explore the combination rules for the glossemes of metaphorical words and others. The process of meaning development from the original one to a metaphoric one is a gradual one, the details of which have also been specified in the article.The research of the paraphrase of the metaphorical words belongs to applied research, with the characteristics: 1) having the formal marks, 2) being not rich in illustrative sentences, 3) having a small numbers of glossemes, and 4) the position of metaphoric meaning is usually backward. In the article, 13 rules of paraphrasing the metaphorical words have been summarized, and some problems with paraphrasing of the metaphorical words have been pointed out.The metaphorical words have unique national characteristics under the influence of the local natural and cultural context. The cultural phenomena reflected in the ancient Chinese metaphorical words and the dialectical metaphorical words have been studied in this paper. Meanwhile a case study on the metaphorical words involving animal names has been carried out in this article.更多还原