【作者】 衣淑玲；

【导师】 曾华群；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 国际法学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪90年代以来,知识产权国际保护制度,尤其是世界贸易组织(WTO)框架下的《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》(以下简称《TRIPS协定》),对发展中国家及其人民的健康权、文化权、食物权、发展权等人权实现的不利影响成为国际社会各界别行为体普遍关注的焦点,“知识产权与人权关系”这一问题联结因之成为一个重要的研究领域。无论是对于知识产权国际保护和人权国际保护的和谐实现,还是对于国际法体系化的有序发展,这一研究都有着重大的意义。在“知识产权与人权关系”这一复杂的重大课题中,倍受关注和争议较大的问题包括:知识产权的人权属性之争议;《TRIPS协定》及知识产权对人权国际保护的影响;人权视角下知识产权国际保护制度(以《TRIPS协定》为核心)的变革。本文从国际人权法的视角,运用相关的基本法律原理探讨了上述息息相关的问题。本文共分前言、主文及结论三部分,其中主文分为四章。前言中,笔者简要介绍了研究论题的确定,评述了本论题的研究情况和已有成果,界定了本文的研究范围、拟研究的主要问题及基本框架,说明了本论题的研究目的和意义。知识产权是否具有人权属性是“知识产权与人权关系”研究中首先需要澄清的基本理论问题。本文第一章首先分别地讨论了知识产权和人权的性质;在此基础上,通过对相关知识产权理论的分析、对知识产权制度历史起源的考察、对知识产权与人权特征的比较、对国际人权文件相关条款的解读,本文认为,知识产权不是人权,而是促进人权实现的工具。就理解《TRIPS协定》与人权国际保护冲突的产生而言,对知识产权国际保护制度和人权国际保护制度的历时性考察无疑是必需的。本文第二章以《TRIPS协定》的产生为界限,概括、揭示了知识产权国际保护制度发展演进的特点和趋势;同时,也总结了人权国际保护制度发展演进的特点和趋势。通过这种纵向的历史考察,本文认为,知识产权国际保护制度和人权国际保护制度长期以来的隔离发展是《TRIPS协定》与健康权、文化权等人权的实现相冲突的缘由所在。为了更为深入地认识《TRIPS协定》与人权国际保护的冲突,对有关国际人权文件、《TRIPS协定》及其实施实践的共时性剖析是十分必要的。本文第三章具体分析了《TRIPS协定》与国际法上的文化权、健康权、食物权及发展权等人权的实现之间冲突的表现,探讨了冲突产生的原因。通过这种横向的现实评介、文本与理论分析,本文认为,《TRIPS协定》与人权国际保护的冲突,包含了法律规则之间的直接冲突,更主要的体现为权利冲突。从法律的内部视角,本章从不同权利主体之间的利益冲突、国际法上的制度冲突等方面分析了二者冲突的主要原因。此外,本章还从一国的经济发展水平、《TRIPS协定》的缔结谈判等外部视角对二者冲突的产生进行了评析。《TRIPS协定》与人权国际保护冲突的解决是“知识产权与人权关系”研究中的重心所在,本文第四章对此进行了探讨。本章首先提出,立法途径即《TRIPS协定》的制度变革是解决或缓解二者冲突的有效方式,这一变革必须与国际人权法相协调。进而,本章评述了WTO多哈回合中与《TRIPS协定》有关的议题的谈判现状,并对《TRIPS协定》变革的国际环境进行了利弊分析。从法制发展的应然角度,本章提出了《TRIPS协定》变革的指导原则,讨论了中国在与《TRIPS协定》有关的议题谈判中的谈判立场和策略选择,评介了学者们及WTO成员关于《TRIPS协定》变革的建议。在此基础上,本文认为,《TRIPS协定》框架下“发展导向”的、促进人权实现的制度变革将是必然的。国际法律制度,包括以《TRIPS协定》为核心的知识产权国际保护制度的人本化是大势所趋。最后,针对前言中提出的“拟研究的主要问题”,笔者总结了自己的思考结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1990s, the adverse effects which the institutions of the international protection for intellectual property rights, especially the《Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights》(hereinafter《TRIPS Agreement》) under WTO, affected the realization of the human rights which include the right to health, the right to culture, the right to food and the right to development etc. of the developing countries and their people have become the focus that the various actors of the international society have been paying attention to generally, and thus, the issue linkage of "the relationship between intellectual property rights and human rights" is becoming a important research field. No matter for the harmonious realization of the international protection for intellectual property rights and the international protection for human rights, or the orderly development of the international law system, this research is significant. Among the complicated and important problems of "the relationship between intellectual property rights and human rights", the issues which are often concerned and disputed include: the divergence of the human right attribute of intellectual property rights ; the effects of《TRIPS Agreement》and intellectual property rights on the international protection for human rights; the reform of the international intellectual property law (study with《TRIPS Agreement》as its center). From the perspective of international human rights law, the author discusses these issues which are closely linked each other by exercising correlative legal fundamentals in this dissertation.This dissertation is divided into three parts: Introduction, Text, and Conclusion,and the Text consists of four chapters.In introduction part, the author introduces briefly the definition of the researchtheme. Furthermore, academic history is reviewed, and the scope of research, themajor issues to be explored, and the basic structure of this dissertation are defined.At length, the purpose and the meaning of the research are explained. The basic theoretical question which needs making clear first is whether intellectual property rights have human right attribute in the research of "the relationship between intellectual property rights and human rights". In chapter 1,firstly, this dissertation discusses the attribute of intellectual property rights and human rights separately; on this basis, through analyzing the related theories of intellectual property rights, reviewing the historical origin of intellectual property rights institutions, comparing the characters between intellectual property rights and human rights, reading the related provisions of international human right documents, the author argues that intellectual property rights is not human right, but the tool of promoting realization of human rights.In order to understand the arising of the conflicts between《TRIPS Agreement》and international protection for human rights, it is certainly necessary to review diachronically the institutions of the international protection for intellectual property rights and that of the international protection for human rights. In chapter 2, taking《TRIPS Agreement》as the dividing line, this dissertation summarizes, reveals the characters and trends of the development and evolvement of the institutions of the international protection for intellectual property rights; and then, this dissertation summarizes the characters and trends of the development and evolvement of the institutions of the international protection for human rights. Through this historical review, the author argues that, the origin that《TRIPS Agreement》run afoul of basic human rights for example the right to health and the right to culture etc. is that the separate development between the institutions of the international protection for intellectual property rights and that of the international protection for human rights since they had been established.In order to understand deeply the conflicts between《TRIPS Agreement》and international protection for human rights, it is quite necessary to anatomize synchroniclly the international human rights documents,《TRIPS Agreement》and its implementing practices. In chapter 3, this dissertation analyses concretely the representations of the conflicts Between《TRIPS Agreement》and the realization of the right to culture, the right to health, the right to food, the right to development etc.. And then, the reasons that the conflicts arose are discussed. Through this transverse factual review, textual analyses and theoretical analyses, the author argues that, the conflicts between《TRIPS Agreement》and international protection for human rights contain the direct conflict between the rules, and embody more mainly the conflicts of rights. From the internal perspectives of law, this charter analyzes the main reasons of their conflicts in these aspects which contain the interests’ conflicts of the different subjects of rights and the institutional conflict in international law. Furthermore, from the external perspectives, this charter comments on the arising of their conflicts through these aspects which contain the economic development level of one’s country, the concluding negotiation of《TRIPS Agreement》.The most important issue in the research of "the relationship between intellectual property rights and human rights" is how to resolve the conflicts between《TRIPS Agreement》and international protection for human rights, and is discussed in the fourth chapter of this dissertation. In chapter 4, firstly, the author argues the effective method to resolve or relieve their conflicts is through legislative approach, namely the institutions reform of《TRIPS Agreement》, and this reform must harmonize with international human rights law. And then, this author reviews the negotiating status quo of the topics in discussion in relation to《TRIPS Agreement》in Doha Round, and analyzes the international conditions in which the reform of《TRIPS Agreement》is going. From the should-be angle of the development of the legal system, this dissertation puts forward the principles of guiding the reform of《TRIPS Agreement》,discusses the standpoints and strategies choices of China in the issues negotiation in relation to《TRIPS Agreement》, comments on the concrete advices of the reform of《TRIPS Agreement》which the other scholars and the WTO members have suggested. On this basis, the author argues that the institutions reform of《TRIPS Agreement》which is "development orientated" and is instrumental in promoting the realization of human rights will be inevitable. The humanization of International law, including the international institutions of protecting intellectual property which takes《TRIPS Agreement》as its center is a general trend.In the concluding part, based on "the major issues to be explored" that are raised in introduction part, basic propositions in this dissertation are summarized.更多还原