【作者】 赵一民；

【导师】 汤达祯；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 岩性地层油气藏的油气聚集主要受储层岩性、物性等多种因素的控制。查明岩性地层油气藏储层的岩性、几何形态、物性参数及含油气性,为地质综合评价、井位部署、储量估算等提供重要依据,是储层地震预测的主要任务。本文的研究侧重于将地质和地球物理结合起来,没有特别强调地震技术的“新颖”,而是重视地震技术的适用性。认为能否用好地震技术,并最大限度发挥所用技术的作用,首先取决于地球物理人员对研究区地质问题的认识程度,对存在的关键问题是否能看准、抓住。第二步,要充分做到地质分析与地球物理技术有机结合,这样才能形成针对性强的研究思路,建立起应用效果好的地球物理技术系列。研究取得的主要成果和创新点包括:1.研究中根据不同岩性地层油气藏的地震反射特征,将其分为河道类、(扇)三角洲类,湖底扇,潜山类,碳酸盐岩生物礁、岩溶类、火成岩类6种类型,并分别阐述了它们的地质特征、地震相特征,以及储层预测的技术和方法。2.结合前人的研究成果,从地震勘探的角度分别介绍了东、西部不同含油气盆地的勘探难点,并提出了针对性的研究思路和技术手段。3.提出基于模型的拟声波储层特征反演技术是预测东部油区薄储层的最有效技术之一,并在实践中总结出:在储层表现为“泥包砂”的特殊地质条件下,灵活调整储层预测的参数,可以使砂体预测的纵向的分辨率大大提高。4.在松辽盆地深层火山岩气藏的研究过程中,建立了气层预测技术系列和无井目标刻画技术系列,为油田储量计算和井位部署提供合适的地震研究技术方法。5.在预测火山岩气藏的分布过程中,采用方法简单、结果可靠、但分辨率较低的相对速度反演方法,准确地预测出了小于地震数据分辨率的储层空间分布范围,为油田部署水平井轨迹提供了数据体。6.成功利用谱率属性和地震频谱衰减属性预测松辽南部某研究区深层火山岩目标的含气性,有效地改善了该地区含气检测难的局面,大大提高了井位部署的确定性。上述地震储层预测与目标优选方法技术应用于一些地区,取得了显著地成效。更多还原

【Abstract】 As we know,the simple structural reservoir is only controlled by structure factor,but the oil-gas accumulation of litho-stratigraphic is controlled by many factors,such as lithological and physical properties,etc. So identifying characters of the lithological,the geometrical,the physical and hydrocarbon potential about litho-stratigraphic reservoir is the main task of seismic reservoir prediction,in order to provide important basic datas for geological comprehensive evaluation,well placement arrangements and estimates of reserves.This study will focus on the combination of geology and geophysics. In fact,there is no special emphasis on new seismic technology,but emphasis on the adaptability of seismic technology. To make good use of seismic technology and to maximize the role of technology used,firstly depends on the ability of the geophysical staff to seize the key geological problems,and secondly depends on fully integration of geological analysis and geophysical technology to create targeted research ideas and to establish a good application of geophysical technology series. The main results of research and innovation include:1. According to different seismic reflection characteristics,the litho-stratigraphic will be divided into 6 categories,including river channel,(fan) delta-type,subsea apron,burial hill,carbonate reefs and karst-type,volcanic rock type. The study dissertates their geological characteristics , seismic facies characteristics , and reservoir prediction techniques and methods.2. Combined with previous research results,and based on the perspective of seismic,the study introduced the exploring difficult of eastern and western petroliferous basins,and bring forward the targeted research ideas and technology.3. The reservoir characteristics inversion technique of proposed acoustic based on model is one of the most effective technology for predicting the thin oil reservoir in the eastern part of oil region.4. In the course of the study of volcanic gas pool in the deep zone of Songliao basin,two technical series have been established,which are the gas bearing formation prediction technique with wells and the targets description technique with no wells. These techniques can provide suitable technical approaches of the seismic study for reserves calculation and wells placement arrangements.5. The spatial distribution of the volcanic gas pool which is less the resolution of seismic data has been predicted accurately using a simple and reliable relative velocity inversion method of lower resolution. As a result,the method provides the seismic data to deploy the track way of horizontal drain hole for the oil field.6. A method using spectral rate properties and seismic attenuation attributes to predict gas-bearing of volcanic targets is confirmed successfully,which method effectively changes the difficult situation of the gas-bearing detection,and greatly improves the certainty of well placement arrangement.The application of reservoir prediction technology and objectives optimization techniques mentioned had achieved significant results in some areas.更多还原