【作者】 王宇超；

【导师】 牛滨华；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 从中国陆上近年来岩性油气藏探明储量分析,已经从20世纪90年代初的20%逐步上升到目前的55%左右,初步显示出岩性储量上产方面的重要意义。岩性油气藏是目前中国陆上油气勘探的四大重要领域之一(其它前陆冲断带油气藏勘探、叠合盆地中下部组合和老区精细勘探),也是目前实现油气增储上产的重要现实领域。随着计算机技术的发展,从丰富的地震资料中提取尽可能多的地下信息,这不仅要研究叠后资料,更需要研究叠前资料。特别是近年来,随着油气勘探开发的不断深入和多波多分量地震勘探技术的广泛开展,利用非纵多波地震资料可以获得新的地质构造信息,这为解决复杂油气构造提供了更为广阔的前景。论文结合目标工区取得的创新性进展为:首先,对叠前反演得理论基础进行了分析,讨论了弹性参数之间的关系,各种属性参数的适应性,如弹性波阻抗技术、AVO技术等,提出了实际叠前反演时各种方法的适应范围与使用条件,为方法的合理选择与有效应用提供了前提。然后,结合塔里木盆地实际地震资料,在碳酸盐岩油气藏地震资料保真高分辨率处理方面,重点围绕静校正、吸收补偿、去噪、反褶积、动校叠加、叠前偏移等关键环节,开展系列技术攻关和应用研究;在碳酸盐岩油气藏的地震识别、预测和综合评价方面,进行叠前反演体和叠前属性突出储层特征、增强储层与非储层的差异的研究,开展AVO分析及叠前多属性融合提高流体识别能力研究。最后,通过理论方法的研究,选择了合理的技术方法,并在塔里木盆地实际资料中进行了应用,有效的识别出了该区的有利含油气区,提出了勘探建议井位,形成了该区从面向叠前地震反演的“三高”资料处理开始,全面开展基于叠前信息的油藏描述配套技术系列,为该区进一步勘探与开发提供了强有力的技术支持。论文总结出了塔中地区从地震资料精细保真叠前时间偏移处理到叠前弹性参数反演描述碳酸盐岩储层的一体化的工作流程。该工作流程通过实际应用,取得了良好的效果,在其它类似工区得到了推广和应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Via analysis of lithologic reservoir onshore in China, the proved reserves have recently reached about 55% from 20% in early 1990s, And this preliminarily shows its important meaning for the increament of reserves. The lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir is one of the four important fields of oil and gas exploration onshore in China (the other three are the foreland thrust belt reservoir exploration, the middle and lower parts of superimposed basin exploration and the fine exploration of old field). And it is an important practical field to implement the increament of oil and gas reserves.With the development of the computer technology, extracting the underground information as much as possible from abundant seismic data requires us not only to do research of post-stack seismic data but also to do research of pre-stack seismic data. Especially in recent years, with the gradual and further development of petroleum exploration and development, and the widely development of multi-component seismic exploration, new geological structure information can be obtained from fan profile multi-wave seismic data. This provides broad prospects in solving complex oil structures.In this paper we firstly analyzed the theoretical basis of pre-stack inversion and discussed the relationship of the elastic parameters, and the application of each attribute parameters, such as: elastic impedance and AVO, etc. we also put forward the adaptation range and application conditions of each inverse method, and provided the premise of the reasonable selection and effective application of these methods. Secondly, combining with the real data from the Tarim basin, we carried out the research of technology study and application. For the fidelity and high resolution processing of the carbonate reservoir seismic data, we mainly do research on static correction, absorption compensation, noise attenuation, deconvolution, NMO, stacking, pre-stack migration and other key data processing technologies. For the carbonate reservoir seismic identification, prediction and comprehensive evaluation, we carried out the research of pre-stack invertomer and pre-stack characteristics to outstand the reservoir characteristics and to enhance the difference between reservoirs and non-reservoirs. We also carried out the research of AVO analysis and pre-stack multi-attribute fusion to improve the ability of fluid identification. Finally, based on the research of theoretical methods, we chose reasonable technologies, and applied themto do seismic data processing in the Tarim basin. From the result of the real data processing, we effectively identified the beneficial petroleum region in this area. We also proposed the position of suggestion exploration well, we have also formed supporting technical series. It begins with the“three high”seismic data processing orienting to pre-stack seismic inversion, and it also includes reservoir description in this area. This provides powerful technical support for the further exploration and development in this area. Meanwhile, the result of real data processing indicates the rationality and practicality of the technologies and flows. The technologies proposed in this paper are worth promoting the application.更多还原