【作者】 张大勇；

【导师】 陈方正；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 资源产业经济， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国经济快速发展、城市化进程的不断加快,对土地利用空间和土地产品的需求不断扩大,土地供给的紧缺性与社会经济需求的增长性之间失衡发展的态势日益凸显。自《全国土地利用总体规划纲要(1997-2010年)》批准实施以来,通过制定和实施一系列加强土地宏观调控和管理的政策措施,土地用途管制制度逐步得到落实,我国控制和引导土地利用已取得一定成效。但是,我国人口众多、人地关系紧张的基本格局没有改变。在我国当前土地开发利用过程中,土地生态环境问题也很突出,出现了盲目毁林开荒,围湖造田的现象,破坏了土地生态环境,加剧了水土流失、土壤沙化、次生盐碱化。盲目的土地开发利用容易形成结构过于简单、缺少变化的环境,将进一步破坏生物资源的多样化,增加病虫害发生的频率和强度,最终造成区域生态环境恶化,进而影响区域经济的发展。我国亟待转变土地利用模式,优化区域土地利用结构。为实施国家区域发展战略,实现城乡统筹和区域协调,促进国土开发新格局的形成,对调整区域土地利用提出了更高要求。按照党中央关于加强土地生态建设的要求,立足构建良好的人地和谐关系,统筹安排土地的开发、利用和保护,进行土地利用与生态平衡发展研究具有重大的战略意义。本文以国务院2008年10月制定发布的《全国土地利用总体规划纲要(2006-2020年)》总体精神为指导,综合马克思主义政治经济学、土地经济学、生态经济学、系统工程、人文地理学、景观生态学、新制度经济学等多学科理论为依据,通过对土地资源有效利用国内外相关研究的梳理,借鉴发达国家土地利用经验,对我国土地资源利用现状进行分析。以土地资源有效利用及合理配置研究为基础框架,进行土地资源利用与生态影响的系统研究。最后选取北京密云县为研究样本点进行实证分析,旨在对传统的土地利用方式进行反思,建立科学的土地合理利用与综合评价的模型,突破土地利用传统观念,实现土地资源的高效利用和合理配置。完善我国土地合理利用及其评价研究的理论与方法,从经济学、管理学、生态学等角度构建土地有效利用及合理配置体系,并为指导区域土地有效利用,协调生态平衡发展提供政策方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 As rapid economic development and accelerated urbanization process arising in China, demand of the land use is growing fast. Imbalance between shortage of land supply and growth in socio-economic has become increasingly prominent. Since the "National Land Use Planning Outline (1997-2010)" has been approved for implementation, after formulation and implementation of a series of policies and measures for strengthening macro-control and land management, land use control system has being implemented step by step. Our country has made achievements in control and guides the process of land use. However, the basic pattern because of large population and tense relationship between human and land has not been changed.In current process of land development and utilization, the problem of land and ecological environment is also look gloomy. Blind land reclamation and deforestation, building dykes from lakes have undermined the land ecological environment and exacerbated by soil erosion, soil desertification, and secondary salinization. Blind land development and utilization tend to form the relative single-structure environment. It will further undermine the diversity of biological resources, as frequency and intensity from pests and diseases happen to increase, eventually causing the deterioration of the regional ecological environment, thereby affecting regional economic development.Our country need to change patterns of land use and optimize the regional land-use structure. For the implementation of national regional development strategy, achievement of regional coordination, promotion the development of new land pattern, the adjustment of regional land use has been put forward higher requirements. In accordance with the Party Central Committee requirements on strengthening land ecological construction, based on building the harmonious relationship between human and land to co-ordinate the arrangements for the development of land use and conservation, research on land use and the development of ecological balance is of great strategic significance.Under the guidance of the "National Land Use Planning Outline (2006-2020)" which State Council issued in October 2008, this paper integrates the Marxist political economics, land economics, ecological economics, systems engineering, human geography , landscape ecology, new institutional economics such multi-disciplinary theory. After clarifying related research on the effective use of land resources at home and abroad, drawing on the experience of developed countries in land use, the author analyzes the status quo of land resources use in our country. Based on the framework of effective use of land resources and the rational allocation, it studies the reciprocal impaction between land use and ecological system.Finally, the paper selects Miyun County in Beijing as the study sample for empirical analysis. In order to reflecting the traditional land use patterns, setting up scientific and reasonable utilization of land and the comprehensive evaluation model, people have to breakthrough the traditional concept of land-use and implement efficient utilization of land resources and rational allocation. For improving the rational use of land and theories on evaluation, from perspective of economics, management and ecology, the paper builds a rational distribution system to effective guide the regional land use for coordination development of the ecological balance.更多还原