【作者】 崔艳；

【导师】 白中科；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 资源管理工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 我国主要聚煤区多分布在生态脆弱区,该区域范围内的煤炭开采,必然造成该区生态系统的退化,此退化多为非人工干扰难以自然恢复的极度退化状态,故对该区进行土地利用全程调控具有重要意义。矿区土地利用调控机制是基于生态学机理上的对矿区土地生态系统进行功能与结构调节控制的过程,其目标是生态目标、经济目标与社会目标的合理配置。矿区土地利用调控的可行性前提是土地利用与生态环境的关联性以及土地生态系统服务功能的可选择性,其现实基础是矿区“建设用地”的多用途性。调控机制是技术调控机制与社会经济调控机制的有机耦合。从调控阶段角度,划分为前馈调控、过程调控与土地再利用调控。从调控手段角度,前馈调控为发生于采矿前的土地复垦规划调控,过程调控是土地复垦过程中通过人工诱导重建生态系统并促进重建生态系统的正向加速演替;从调控对象角度,前馈调控对象主要为未破坏与已破坏待复垦土地、过程调控与生态产业调控对象主要为已破坏待复垦或已复垦土地,三阶段调控的有效衔接构成土地利用全程调控,是实现矿区土地可持续发展的重要保障,且衔接的关键在于社会经济调控机制。选择我国典型生态脆弱矿区——黄土高原矿区、草原矿区与荒漠戈壁矿区,对矿产资源开采过程及土地复垦过程中出现的土地利用问题进行分析,在总结前人经验的基础上分别提出针对性的土地利用调控关键技术。对于社会经济调控机制中的关键因素——制度与资金分别进行分析,指出大型露天矿区可以探索性的采取租地制度取得可恢复排土场地域的土地临时支配权;在土地复垦与土地整理区别分析的基础上,对新建或改扩建矿区土地复垦费用构成进行分析;并对具有约束与激励双重机制的“共管帐户”的计提管用进行分析。对土地利用调控中的已有生态标志进行分析的基础上,分析了既能反映复垦土地质量,又对重建植被具有重要指示意义的土地利用调控生态标志——大型土壤动物,并以平朔矿区为例,通过实证研究,将其标志结果与已有标志进行对比,论证了其可行性。认为生态脆弱矿区土地利用调控标志应该是包含土壤、植物、动物的综合体在内的一系列可测度值。最后,以山西省平朔矿区为例,对自然生态系统——退化生态系统——恢复生态系统空间耦合而成的干扰区进行分区基础上的调控对策;对待破坏待复垦的东露天煤矿进行土地复垦规划案例分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal-cumulating districts in our country mainly lie in the ecologically vulnerable area, the mining in which inevitably intensifies the land degradation of ecosystem, and the depredated ecosystem cannot be restored naturally So it is very important to regulate the land use condition of this area in the whole processing of mining.The regulation mechanism of land use in coal mine area is based on the process adjust and control, and the targets contained ecology target, the economic target and the social target.. The relevance of land use and the ecological environment, as well as the selectivity of land ecosystem service function, is the feasible premise of the land use regulation in mining areas, whose realistic foundation is the multipurpose for "the construction land" of mining area. The regulative mechanism is an organic connection between the social economy regulation mechanism and technical regulation mechanism, which includes the management, the institution, the fund, the technology and so on. From the regulative stage angle, it can be divided into three stages: The control forward, is mainly land reclamation planning, the control in process is mainly to accelerate the succession by reconstructing the ecosystem, and the control in land re-use is to protect the land in using. From the control method angle, the control before the mining is to by land reclamation planning; the process regulation is to forward acceleration succession through the manual induction promotion in the land reclamation process. The effective engagement of land control in three land-use stages, is the important guarantee to the sustainable development of land in mining area, and the key of the engagement lies in the development of social and economy.The problems in the use of land of typical vulnerable mining areas are analyzed, the areas contain mining areas in the Loess Plateau, grassland and desert, and the key technical to solve the problems are proposed.Thought analysis of the key factors(Institution and financial) of the development of society and economy to land-use, that the land rent in large-scale open-cast coal mine is proposed, the institution make the mining get the temporary right of the land-use by renting not by expropriation.; For the new or expanded mining , scientific and reasonable land reclamation costs is the key to implemented the land reclamation, the main responsible people for the destructed land who own the mining rights or land-use right must be the obligation for the land reclamation, "joint account" which can not only incentive mining to reclamation but can restrict the land destruction, is the key to link up the control forward and in process.Based on analysis the ecological signs of the land-use, the soil macro-fauna were invested in Pingshuo coal mining. It is pointed that reasonable ecological sings for land-use should contain the producer, consumer and disintegrator.Finally, take Pingshuo open-cast coal mine as an example, to analysis the control methods to the natural land, destructed land and restoration land.更多还原