动物小说——人类的绿色凝思

【作者】 孙悦；

【导师】 梅子涵；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 动物小说先天具有的艺术魅力,让远离自然的都市人重新回归原始、本初、自然、宁静的怀抱。本文立足于文学的层面,借助美学、哲学、社会学、心理学、环境科学以及文化研究等多学科视野,探讨动物小说的主旨内涵与艺术品质,从理论的维度,阐释了动物小说与当代生态文学之间的关系。本文首先对动物小说的概念和起源进行了系统、严格地界定与梳理。动物小说是儿童文学中的一个重要组成部分,同时也隶属于成人文学,本文分析了动物小说与动物童话、与一般儿童文学的区别,总结概括了动物小说与后两者在主题内容、写作方式等方面的不同,从而廓清了动物小说鲜明而独特的文学特征,指出动物小说是一种大气开放、独树一帜的文学样式。本文探讨动物小说与人类精神发展演变的渊源关系,指出动物小说里具有人类的远古记忆和原始生活经验。在对原始巫术、古典神话、寓言故事的分析研究中,捕捉人类与动物之间久远而复杂的联系,论证了它们为动物小说的创作与阅读,提供了精神需求与文化需求等方面的多重贮备。本文进一步论述,动物小说是一种具有浪漫主义色彩的现实主义文学。生态文学产生于二十世纪,生态文学是考察和表现自然与人的关系的文学,是探寻生态危机的社会根源的文学。生态文学表现自然与人的关系,而落脚点却在人类的思想、文化、经济、科技、生活方式、社会发展模式上。本文认为,动物小说在诞生之初即表现出生态意识,动物小说是生态文学的先行者,生态美学的践行者,动物小说所倡导和遵循的正是生态文学所秉持的核心精神——非人类中心主义思想和类关怀意识。本文详细分析了动物小说中的绿色生态意蕴,从动物小说生动表现动物的生存美、生命美和情意美这三个方面,阐述了动物小说追索生命根本价值、探询生命发展与和谐的生态精神。在动物小说中,大自然成为独立的审美对象,象征丰富,它是美神、母亲还是复仇者,取决于人类对待大自然的态度和情感,这就唱和了生态文学要求人类尊重大自然、维护生态平衡的呼声。动物小说自觉、先天地带有环境关怀的精神,表现出一种绿色家园意识,即环境保护的内容。经过一系列具体的动物小说文本分析,本文有力地论证了这样一个重要观点:动物小说是一种绿色的生态的文学,是一种展望着绿色的生态美景的文学,是一种散发出生态美感的自然真挚的文学。本文进一步阐释,动物小说中包含着丰富而庞杂的生态哲思。动物小说中蕴涵着动物权利观、生物中心论、生态中心论等理论思想,动物小说反对人类中心主义,推崇生物中心主义精神,倡导“类关怀”理念。动物小说歌颂动物生命的价值,肯定动物具有不可侵犯的生存权利。动物小说探讨人类与动物之间的关系,展现失去和谐的生态世界对人类和动物造成的影响。动物小说反恩人类在大自然中的作为,重新评估人类的存在方式和生活模式,吁求在人类与动物、与大自然之间建立进步的生态伦理关系。动物小说讲述不同动物的不同生命处境,指出支撑世界延续繁荣的根基是物种平等的绿色生态意识。经过上面的理论分析和阐述,本文肯定动物小说蕴涵人类的绿色凝思,是一种高瞻远瞩、见解深刻的文学样式。文章列举了四位世界经典动物小说大师的代表作,为进一步全面展现这一绿色图景,提供了最直接、最生动的蓝本。本文论述了中国动物小说创作的先天优势,如中国古代的“天人合一”思想与动物小说中的生态意识不谋而合,中国的地理民族文化资源为动物小说提供丰富的创作素材和条件等,同时详细分析、概括了中国大陆动物小说创作的现状,将中国大陆目前定义为动物小说的文本,区别划分为“动物小说”、“类人动物小说”、“科普动物小说”、“大动物小说”这四大类,并对每一类型作品进行详细分析,指出其在文学实质方面的不同,从而为鉴别动物小说的真伪以及质量的高低提供了理论上的证明,为开展动物小说创作活动提供了参考与校对的依据。最后,本文从专业学识与素养、思想深度、社会责任意识、文学创新性和艺术品质这四个方面,对目前中国的动物小说创作提出要求,期待更多思想深刻、精神独立、意义隽永、吻合世界生态文学大趋势、表现中国现实的优秀作品问世。更多还原

【Abstract】 Animal novels have their original artistical charm,stimulating the modern metropolitians who are far away from nature to go back to the origin,the beginning, the nature,and the peace.This essay is maily about the theme,the connotation,the artist qualities of animal novels and theoretially about the literatural connections between the animal novels and modern eco-literature in the aspects of philosophy, Sociology,Psychology,Environment esthetics and other literature researches.This essay firstly defines strictly and systematically the animal novel’s concept and the origin.The animal novel is important component in a children’s literature,simultaneously also subordinated in the adult literature,this essay has analyzed the difference between animal novel,the fairy tale,and general children’s literature,summarized the writing differences,the theme differences and content differences between animal novel and the latter both,thus making clear the unique literature characteristics of the animal novel,pointing out that the animal novel was an unique literature style.This essay discusses the origin relations which the animal novel and the human spirit development,pointing out that humanity’s ancient times memory and the crude life experience,witchcraft,myth,fable and other forms in the animal novels can prove the remote and complex relation.They have provided the spiritual and the cultural evidence for the research of animal novel.This essay pointed out that the animal novel is one kind which has the romantic,realistic literature.The ecology literature originated in the 20th century.The ecology literature is one kind to inspect and present the relationship between nature and humans and to inquire about social root of ecological crisis.Ecology literature presents nature and human’s relations,but its foothold actually in humanity’s thought,culture,economy, technology,life style,in social development pattern.This essay believed that the animal novel namely displays the ecology consciousness at the beginning of the birth. The animal novel is the ecology literature forerunner,ecology esthetics fulfiller.What the animal novel initiates and follows is precisely the ecology literature core-- nonhuman-centerism.This essay multianalyses animal novel’s green ecology implication and it also proves the animal novel to seek for basic life value significance and inquires ecology consciousness of the life development and harmony in terms of the beauty of survival, the beauty of life and the beauty of cordiality.In the animal novel,the nature becomes the independent esthetic object,the symbol is rich,it is the beautiful god,the mother or the avenger,which is decided according to the manner and the emotion of human,which just meets the intention that the ecology literature is to respect the nature and to maintenance ecological equilibrium.The animal novel natually and congenitally has the environment concern spirit and displays one kind of green homeland consciousness,namely environmental protection.The above analysis has proven such viewpoint powerfully:The animal novel is a kind of green ecology literature,a kind of forecasting the green ecology beautiful scenery,a sincere kind of sending out the ecology esthetic sense.This essay further points out that in the animal novel is containing rich and the numerous and disorderly ecology thoughts.Through analysis of a series of texts taken from animal novels,this essay proves the animal novel is to echo the animal rights, the biological centerism,the ecology centerism.The animal novels oppose the human-centered principle,esteem biology-centered principle and "species concern" ideology.Animal novels eulogy animal life’s value and conform that animals have the inviolable rights to subsistence.Animal novels implore the relations between human and animals,and present the effect the damaged ecological equilibrium has on human and animal.The animal novel reconsiderate the human actions in nature,re-appraise human’s way of existence and the mode of life,call to establish the progressive ecology ethics relations between human,animal and nature.The animal novel tell different animal’s different lifestyles and situation,pointing out that it is species-equal ecology consciousness that supports the earth’s development and prosperity.It is green ecology consciousness that instructs one of main ideologies of animal novels.After the above theoretical analysis and the elaboration,this essay affirm that animal novel contains humanity’s green meditattion,which is a kind of literature style with a long-range approach and the profound opinions.The essay has enumerated four world classical animal novel masters’ representative works,to further comprehensively unfold this green prospect,and to give the most direct,the most vivid main source.This essay elaborated congenital superiority of the Chinese animal novel creation,which happens to hold the same view with the ancient Chinese thought "the unity of heaven and human beauty ",China’s geographical,national culture resources provided the rich creation resources and the conditions, simultaneously multianalyse and summarize present situations China’s mainland will define at present as the animal novel,and divides again the animal novels into 4 kinds,the animal novels,the humanlike animal novels,the popular science animal novels,big animal novels,and carded on the multianalysis to each type of work, pointed out differences in the literature essences,thus providing the theory basis for distinction of the truth and the quality and providing the reference and createria for widespreading the creation of animal novels.Finally,from four aspects such as the specialized knowledge and the accomplishment,the thought depth,social responsibilities,the literature innovation and artistic quality,this essay sets the request to the present China’s animal novel creation,anticipating that the outstanding works with more profound thought,with the spiritual independence,with the significance,which suit to the world general trend to be published.更多还原