【作者】 李华；

【导师】 赵道致；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 工业工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 突发事件的频发及其严重危害促使应急系统(包括应急管理业务体系和技术平台)建设成为国家发展战略。当前应急系统建设存在诸多问题的关键在于缺少一种管理理念作为指导,为此提出将知识管理理念和本体工程方法引入应急领域,在指导和规划应急系统建设的同时实现对应急领域知识的管理。重点研究了应急领域知识的表示和复用,对于如何实现应急领域知识管理的最终目标提出了一种解决方案。即在突发事件发生时,基于语义去搜索和推理决策者所需的显性和隐性知识,以语义导航的方式展示,给出重要提示和类似案例的关联,以辅助其迅速决策,并在决策过程产生新的应急领域知识。在理论和实现技术上取得了如下创新性的研究成果:1.构建了应急领域知识结构模型:包括突发事件中蕴涵的显性知识(其性质机理蕴涵事实知识,演化过程蕴涵原理知识)与应急管理中蕴涵的隐性知识(管理体制蕴涵人力知识,应急机制蕴涵技能知识),并选择本体作为最适合的表示方法。2.提出了应急领域本体工程的双向双形方法:即逆向获取和正向创建相结合,以减少对专家的依赖和利用现有成果,OWL语言编码化和UML图形可视化表示相结合,以便于业务人员和技术人员沟通并实现人和机器对模型的共同理解。3.构建了应急领域知识本体模型并对其进行评价和应用:应用双向双形方法构建了应急领域知识本体并采用当前较为公认的方法对其进行了定性和定量评价;开发了应急领域知识语义搜索和浏览原型系统,验证了模型的有效性,并为应急领域知识的抽取、表示、存储、共享和创新提供了一个基础平台。此外,对应急领域知识本体在应急预案语义搜索系统和应急信息平台建设中的复用做了有益探索。本研究是应急管理、知识管理、信息科学等多学科的交叉研究,综合国内外最新研究成果,运用本体工程、软件工程、逆向工程等理论和方法,坚持规范研究与实证研究、定性分析与定量分析、观测归纳与推理演绎相结合,并实现原型系统以验证和推动理论研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The concept of knowledge management and ontology engineering approach was introduced to emergency response domain to guide and regulate the emergency system construction and realize management of the existing knowledge of emergency response domain at the same time.The research focuses on the expression and reuse of emergency response knowledge. A practicable plan is proposed to achieve the system’s ultimate goal, that is searching the explicit knowledge and reasoning the tacit knowledge of the emergency domain needed by the policy-maker through the semantic search system; and the knowledge is expressed in the way of semantic navigation. It gives important prompts and connects to similar knowledge or cases to assist the policy-makers make quick decision. At the same time new emergency domain decision knowledge is created.Followings are the innovation achievement of the research in theory, technology and implementation:1. Emergency domain knowledge (EDK) construction model was accomplished. it includes explicit knowledge (property mechanism contains Know-What, and Evolution process contains Know - Why) contained in emergency and tacit knowledge (management system contains Know-Who, and management mechanism contains Know-How) contained in emergency management. Ontology is the best way to express knowledge in emergency response domain.2. A new ontology project method was proposed. In this way the combination of forward foundation and reverse acquisition can reduce dependency on expert, reuse the production existed. And the combination of OWL language nominalization expression and UML graph visualization expression can realize the communication between emergency business staffs and information technology staffs, man and machine can understand the model in the same way as well.3. The emergency domain knowledge ontology model (ontoEDK) was accomplished, evaluated and used it in application. It applied the new ontology project method to establish the ontoEDK, and used the OntoQA formulas to quantitatively evaluate it from different angles. Based on ontoEDK, EDK semantic search and browse prototype system was developed. As an example, the prototype system verified that ontoEDK is effective and scientific, also provided a basic platform for the construction, storage, extraction, expression of knowledge in emergency response system.Besides, beneficial exploration was made to reuse the ontology of emergency response domain knowledge in emergency preplan research based on semantic and in the emergency information sharing by different systems or domains.The research adopted the most advanced techniques of emergency management, knowledge management and information science, combined existing performance with a high starting point. The analysis and design of the ontology of emergency domain take advantage of set theory in algebra, system project, reverse project, description logics, and so on. We adhere to combined norms and empirical studies, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the observation & summarization and interpretation & reasoning, and use the prototype system to verify the theory and promote the relevant theoretical research.更多还原