【作者】 李香云；

【导师】 朱金兆； 王玉杰；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本文以长江流域典型植被类型中的混交林、阔叶林、楠竹林、灌丛等4种为研究对象,基于对研究地长期观测的2002年—2007年连续数据,旨在揭示不同植被的降雨径流过程特征。研究中运用了随机成分、变差系数等方法得出降雨、径流在年、月、场等时间尺度上的变化;通过引进分形维数方法对径流影响因子的范围和排序进行确定;通过非线性趋势波动分析对径流未来发展趋势进行了预测。研究发现,研究地年平均降雨量为1263.4mm,降雨量多集中出现在一年中的4月-9月,最高峰出现在7月份。降雨量年际分布比较均匀,年内分配相对稳定。降雨量年度独立性强,无明显相关性。缙云山年平均雨日数为170.8d,平均月降雨天数为14.2。降雨类型多为小雨。4中植被类型中,4-9月的降雨季节里径流量之和均占该小区全年径流量的90%以上,径流最大值均出现在7月。混交林径流年内分配最不均匀,其次为灌丛、阔叶林、楠竹林。研究发现,在植被影响径流过程作用中,混交林延长降雨历时作用最为明显,其次为阔叶林、灌丛、楠竹林;阔叶林减少径流量最多,其次为灌丛、混交林、楠竹林。四种林地的枯落物最大持水能力的顺序为:混交林＞阔叶林＞楠竹林＞灌丛。土壤持水能力顺序为:混交林＞阔叶林＞灌丛＞楠竹林。阔叶林林冠截留能力最强,其次为混交林林、灌丛、楠竹林。研究得出,混交林的影响因子是林分的高度、生物多样性组成、降雨(降雨量、降雨强度、降雨历时)、枯落物(最大持水量、厚度)、林冠截留量;阔叶林、楠竹林、灌丛的影响因子是林分的高度、生物多样性组成、降雨(降雨量、降雨强度、降雨历时)、枯落物(最大持水量、厚度)、林冠截留量、土壤孔隙度。本研究不仅可以为当地植被建设提供理论支持和技术参考,同时也可为该领域研究积累一定的研究思路和分析手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the typical forests stand in Yangtze River, the paper study for the process and characteristics of rainfall and runoff of broad-leaved forest, bamboo fores, shrub land and mix forest.The data observed from 2002y to 2007y. By using some mathmatics way, such as stochastic component and relativity, paper shows characteristics in different time scales. By fractal dimension, paper analyzes the runoff parameters.By detrended fluctation analysis (DFA), paper predicts the future of runoff in different forests.Research shows that the average annual rainfall is about 1263.4mm, more concentrated rainfall in the year from April to September, the peak appears in July. Annual rainfall is distributed more evenly, the distribution of relatively stable during the year. Annual rainfall is independently, there is no significant correlation among the years. There are about 170.8d rain days a year, 14.2 days month in the mountain in averag, From July to September, the runoff takes more than 90% in a whole year, that similar in the four types of vegetation, the maximum in July. Mixed forest is the most uneven distribution of run-off during the year, followed by shrub, broadleaved forest and bamboo forest.Research shows, during the process of the impact of vegetation to runoff,that mixed forest has the most obvious extension of the rain forest, followed by broadleaved forest, shrubs, bamboo forest; and broadleaved forest reduce the runoff amount most, followed by shrub, mixed forest, bamboo forest. Water-holding capacity of the four types of forest litter in the order: mixed> broadleaved forest> bamboo forest> shrub. Soil water-holding capacity in the order: mixed> broad-leaved forest> shrub> bamboo forest. Broad-leaved forest canopy interception most, followed by mixed forest, shrubs, bamboo forest.The conclusion shows that the impact factors of mixed forest is: height, a high degree of biodiversity, precipitation (rainfall, rainfall intensity, rainfall duration), litter (the largest holders of water, the thickness), canopy volume, and all the impact factors of broadleaved forest, bamboo forest, scrub is: height a high degree of biodiversity, precipitation (rainfall, rainfall intensity, rainfall duration), litter (the largest holders of water, the thickness), canopy, soil porosity.This study provides theoretical support and technical reference not only for the building of local vegetation to, but also for the accumulation of research in the field of a certain idea of research and analysis tools.更多还原