【作者】 张世柱；

【导师】 江平；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 民商法学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 印刷术的出现促成著作权的立法,因为印刷术彻底改变著作的复制方式,这种改变也使得著作权人、出版商以及消费者之间的权利产生重大变革。工业革命之后人类的生活方式彻底改变,相关的社会制度与法律规范不是全面性的修改,便是重新立法。数字科技以及互联网的出现再一次彻底改变著作的复制技术、传播方式,以及人类的生活。而互联网更是人类有史以来,链接全球信息的伟大发明。著作权法在面对数字化及互联网环境时,产生诸多重大的争议,从著作权发展的历史来看,这些争议的发生应该被视为理所当然。因为著作权法本身具有相当高的工具性质,扮演着人类智识文化提升的重要角色,有关著作权法的任何争议都不应该脱离这个本质。著作权法中有关著作权人权利的规定,从另一种角度来看也有限制的作用,合理使用制度是平衡著作权人利益与公共利益最重要的机制,当然,平衡的目的在于达成著作权法的一贯目的。有学者说,著作权法是一套最麻烦的法律,而合理使用则是这麻烦中的核心。其实合理使用的麻烦在于它必须保持弹性,随着科技发展不停的与时俱进。在面对互联网环境时,赋予合理使用新的视野与意涵,将是现今著作权法的核心议题。在网络环境当中,个体与总体的界线日趋模糊,对于个人合理使用的限制,也意谓着对公共利益的减损。中介科技的提供者以及网络服务提供者,扮演着信息流通的重要地位,这些提供者可以是个人也可能是企业,可能是以营利为目的也可能是纯中性的角色。但是由于网络环境的特性,使得一个中介科技或网络服务提供者的个别侵害行为,都将引发著作权人重大的利益损失,任何对中介科技或网络服务提供者的约束与限制,也都牵动着对公共利益的打击。所以,当合理使用机制应用在网络环境中时,更增加其复杂与困难度。因此,本论文试着从哲学、言论自由、公共利益、经济分析、竞争平台、信息自由等角度,就著作权人的利益、合理使用在网络中改变加以探讨,以期阐释合理使用判断时应有的新思维,并希望藉此唤起社会大众的共识与积极参与。唯有如此,新的价值才能衍生,使著作权在网络环境当中有日趋一致的解读和取舍正义的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The appearance of printing technology has contributed to the legislation of copyright laws because printing technology has completely changed the method of duplicating publications.Such a shift has also created a shift of rights among authors,publishers and consumers. Lifestyles have changed completely following the industrial revolution;not only have the relevant social systems and legal stipulations been extensively modified,but also entirely new laws have been legislated.The appearance of digital technology and the Internet are once again changing the way publication are made and distributed,and is having a profound effect of people’s lifestyles.The Internet is civilizations greatest achievement in linking up the world’s information.Copyright law has faced several significant disputations from the digital Internet environment.According to the evolution history of the copyright law,the occurrence of such disruptions should be regarded as a matter of course.Copyright law itself exhibits tool-like properties to such a high extent that it has played a very important role in promoting intelligence,knowledge and culture.Thus,all relevant disruptions about copyright law will not break from its essence.Seen from a different point of view,the stipulations related to the rights of a copyright owner as defined in the copyright law are restricting functions.The fair use system is the most important mechanism in balancing the rights of the copyright owner and the greater public interest.Certainly,the purpose of balance lies in reaching a consistent goal with copyright law.Some scholars state that copyright law is the most troublesome of laws,and fair use is the core of this trouble.In fact,the problem that arises from fair use is that it must keep up with the times;it must grow along with the development of science and technology.The key issue of copyright law in an Internet environment is to give a new vision and meaning to fair use.On the Internet,the boundary between the individual and the public is becoming fuzzier.Hence,a restriction of the fair use of an individual could imply the impairment of public interests too.Media technology providers and the Internet service providers play important roles in the communication of information.These providers could be individuals or enterprises;they could be targeted on commercial benefits or be purely neutral.However,due to the nature of the Internet environment,a specific infringement by a media technology provider or an Internet service provider could cause a great loss of benefit to the copyright owner. Meanwhile,any restriction and limitation to the media technology provider or the Internet service provider would affect the public interests too.Hence, in this thesis,a study on the benefit to the copyright owner and fair use is carried out through the viewpoints of philosophy,freedom of speech, public interest,economic analysis,competition platform,and information freedom,in the hopes of explaining the new thinking about fair use and increasing the common understanding and active participation of the public. By doing so,new values could be derived to allow copyright law to be interpreted and used judiciously and with greater consensus.更多还原