【作者】 卢希起；

【导师】 孙谦；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 刑法学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 当前我国正处于社会转型时期,社会转型的过程是一个价值更替、秩序重构和文明再生的过程,法治进程也必然会深深地打上时代的烙印。刑事被害人国家补偿制度,是指国家对受到犯罪侵害而又未能从犯罪人或其他渠道得到充分赔偿的刑事被害人或其家属,通过法定程序给予一定补偿的制度。本文立基于推动中国构建刑事被害人补偿制度,并最终形成相关之本土立法的理想与热情,在研究社会转型时期法治建设规律的基础上,试图从以下七个方面,对刑事被害人国家补偿制度作一全景式的分析:第一章,刑事被害人国家补偿制度的历史沿革。这部分划分了三个时间段,即初民社会—中世纪前后——近代社会,勾勒出刑事被害人国家补偿的实践与理论发展轨迹,并从法律文化的视角对中西方刑事被害人国家补偿的差异进行了探讨。第二章,刑事被害人国家补偿制度的理论学说和价值分析。作者在对刑事被害人国家补偿制度的多种理论学说进行介绍、阐释的基础上,提出了以“国家责任说为主体、社会保险说为辅”,以此作为刑事被害人国家补偿的理论根基。在区分法的价值与法的作用、功能的前提下,对刑事被害人国家补偿制度的价值进行了分析:恢复正义、保障人权与增强效益。第三章,刑事被害人国家补偿制度的立法例考察。本部分运用比较研究的方法,对国外相关立法例进行了比较分析。同时,阐述了我国香港及台湾地区的被害人补偿制度,对国际及区域范围内被害人补偿制度的最新进展予以了关注。第四章,刑事被害人国家补偿制度的宪法基础。从宪法原则的性质、功能与效力入手,在区分宪法规定的国家补偿的基本类型基础上,提出了我国构建刑事被害人国家补偿的宪法基础:尊重和保障人权原则、社会保障原则与法治原则。第五章,刑事被害人国家补偿制度的经济学分析。这是本文的核心部分之一。作者根据制度变迁原理,剖析了国家补偿制度变迁的成本结构与收益结构,对国家补偿制度之成本收益进行了全面、深入的分析。第六章,刑事被害人国家补偿制度的立法设计。这也是本文的核心部分之一。作者提出了建立我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度的理念、基本原则,并且从实体和程序两个方面,提出了刑事被害人国家补偿的立法设计思路。最后,探讨了对刑事被害人国家补偿立法的评估问题。第七章,刑事被害人国家补偿制度相关问题研究。此章研究了与刑事被害人国家补偿制度密切相关的三个问题:一、国家补偿与刑事国家赔偿。二、国家补偿与刑事附带民事诉讼。三、恢复性司法与刑事损害赔偿。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently,our country is on a stage of social reform.This time is a process of turning valuation,rebuilding order and regenerating civilization, so the rule of law will also get the brand of this age.The State Criminal Victim Compensation System refers to a system that the State compensates the criminal victim or his/her family members, who were violated by the crime but did not obtain full compensation from the criminal or other ways,through certain legal proceedings.This paper bases on the ideal and passion to promote a State Criminal Victim Compensation System in China,and finally form certain native legislation.By researching the regularities of laws in the social reforming period,the author tries to analyze the vast panorama of the system from the following seven aspects:ChapterⅠ,the historical evolution of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System.This part divides into three periods,namely they are the primitive society,the middle ages and the modem society.The connection draws the outline of the development of the system,both in practice and in the theory.From the legal cultural angle of view,it also discusses the difference of the State Criminal Victim Compensation between China and the West.ChapterⅡ,the theories and the valuations of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System.On the basis of introducing and explaining many theories of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System,the author presents a proposal:"With the State responsibility as the main body,supplemented by the social insurance ".He also uses the theory as the foundation of the system.After distinguishing the value of law and the function of law,the author analyzes the value of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System:the restoration of justice,the protection of human rights and the enhancement of benefit.ChapterⅢ,the inspection of legislation on the State Criminal Victim Compensation System.In this part,the author uses the comparative method to compare the foreign laws in this field.Meanwhile,he sets forth the criminal victim compensation systems in Hong Kong and Taiwan,and focuses on the last progress of this system in international and regional scope.ChapterⅣ,the constitutional foundation of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System.Starting with the nature,function and force of the constitution principle and based on the total types of State Compensation prescribed by the Constitution,the author finds the constitutional foundation of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System:the principles on respect and protection of human rights,social security,rule of law.ChapterⅤ,the economic analysis of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System.This part is one of the hard cores.During this part, the author utilizes the principles of the system economic to anatomize the structure of the cost and income for vicissitude about the State Compensation System.Then he entirely and deeply analyzes the cost and income of the system.ChapterⅥ,the legislation of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System.This part is another hard core.The author suggests the idea and basic principles to build a State Criminal Victim Compensation System in China,and offers a method for the legislature.At last,he discusses the issue of how to value the legislation of the State Criminal Victim Compensation System.ChapterⅦ,the relative problems about the State Criminal Victim Compensation System.The author investigates three problems which nearly interrelated to this system:first,the State Compensation and the State Criminal Compensation;second,the Criminal Compensation and the Incidental Civil Action;third,the Restorative Justice and the Criminal Damages.更多还原