【作者】 白嵘；

【导师】 蔡拓；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 政治学理论， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 中国如何参与国际机制并成为国际社会中建设性的一员,这是国际机制理论研究和中国对外战略分析长期关注的重要课题。在全球问题不断恶化和国际机制作用日益凸显的全球化时代,作为人口和环境大国的中国在全球环境治理中无疑承载着举足轻重的责任和义务。本文以“中国参与国际环境机制的理论分析”为题,试图提出一种国际机制与国家行为互动的研究框架。文章的基本内容如下:第一章是导论,提出本文的核心问题,即中国以何种方式参与国际环境机制的建设与发展?并作相关的文献回顾、研究方法的说明以及研究意义的分析。第二章是对国际机制影响国家行为作基本的理论探讨。这一章是论文的理论框架,主要分析了国际机制与国家行为之间关系研究的两种研究路径:理性主义的集体行动视角与社会学或建构主义的社会实践视角。提出理性主义对国际机制的权力导向和功能定位的分析与建构主义对国际机制的规范分析之间具有很大的互补性,为考察国家对国际机制的战略选择提供了重要的理论基础。在此基础上,对国际环境机制的基本概念进行辨析,并简要地梳理了国际环境机制的发展历程。第三章是中国参与国际环境机制的进程及其理论解释。这一章是在国际机制影响国家行为的研究路径基础上,深入探讨中国对国际环境机制的战略选择及其相关因素。中国融入国际环境机制的历史进程主要有两个基本阶段:从1972年参加联合国人类环境会议至1992年联合国环境与发展会议召开之前主要是试探性的初步参与;从1992年参加联合国环境与发展会议至今则开始了全面参与的进程。在此基础上,提出了影响中国机制参与的三个主要因素:第一,中国加入国际环境机制是出于特定的国家需求。主要是主权需求、发展需求和国际责任需求。第二,中国在国际机制中的行动取决于中国在特定环境谈判中领导作用的发挥。中国发挥领导作用主要有三种方式:结构型领导、企业家型领导和智慧型领导。这三种领导方式在环境谈判实践中交互作用。第三,中国履行国际环境公约的状况主要受到国际环境机制的制度化以及规范内化所带来的国内政治变迁的影响。第四章和第五章是文章的案例实证部分。其中,第四章是中国与国际海洋环境机制。主要阐释了中国加入海洋环境机制的基本动因;中国在海洋环境机制建设和发展中的作用,其中重点考察了中国在《联合国海洋法公约》和《伦敦倾废公约》谈判中的推动者和协调者角色;国际海洋环境机制对中国环境保护事业的影响,包括法律制度的完善和公约的履行两个主要方面。第五章是中国与国际气候机制。主要阐释了:中国加入国际气候机制的基本动因;中国在国际气候机制建设和发展中的作用,其中重点考察了中国在《联合国气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》以及后京都议程谈判中的推动者和协调者角色;国际气候机制对中国应对气候变化战略的影响,包括履行公约和应对方略两个方面。第六章是结语部分。主要是对论文的基本观点进行总结性的概括,对中国参与国际机制的行为与战略进行前瞻性的分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 How does China participate in international regimes and become a constructive member in the international society? This is an important topic and long-term concern that both international regime theories research and Chinese foreign strategy analysis share.Today,along with global problems unceasingly worsening and international regimes highlighting their growing role,China,as a great nation of large population and vast environment,bears more and more pivotal responsibilities and obligations in global environmental governance.This dissertation centers on "the Theoretical Analysis on China Participating in the International Environmental Regimes",and proposes a research model of interaction between international regime and nations.Basic contents of the dissertation are as follows:Chapter I is the introductory section,presenting the research question of the dissertation that by which means China participates in international environmental regimes.Besides,it provides an literature review on the topic concerned,explains the methodology employed and analyzes the significance of the present research.ChapterⅡdiscusses the theoretical background on international regime influence on nation behavior.It mainly analyzes two approaches to relations between international regime nation behavior from the perspective of collective action of rationalism and the perspective of social practice of sociology or constructionism.The rationalism discussion on authority guidance and the function localization about international regime has very big complementarity to the constructionalism viewpoint of norm. Both of them provide important rationale for examining nation’s strategic choice of participating in international regimes.This chapter also makes discrimination to the basic concept of international environmental regime, and briefly deals with the development course of the regimes.ChapterⅢpresents the theoretical explanation of China participating in international environmental regimes.Based on the study on the international regime influence on nation behavior,this chapter explores how China enters into international environmental regimes and what factors influence China’s strategy of the regimes.The historical process where China enters international environmental regimes might be divided into two steps.The first step,from 1972,attending United Nations human environment conference,until before 1992,is the exploratory and preliminary participation;the second,from 1992,attending United Nations environment and development conference,until now,the comprehensive participation.And next,this chapter discusses the three primary factors affecting China regime participation.First,the reason why China joins international environmental regimes stems from the specific national demands,namely,sovereignty demand,development demand and international responsibility demand.Second,China’s motion in the regime is decided by how successfully China plays the leading role in specific environment negotiations.China displays the leading role mainly in three ways:structure leadership,entrepreneur leadership and wisdom leadership. These three leader roles practice in environment negotiations.Third, institutional influence from the international environmental regime to domestic politics gives great incentive for China fulfilling international environment joint pledge.ChapterⅣand ChapterⅤprovide two case studies..ChapterⅣis about China and the international marine environmental regimes.It firstly makes discussion on why China joins the marine environmental regime;then it studies China’s function in marine environmental regimes,in which China contributes a lot to the success of "London Convention on Prevention of Dumping" and "UN Convention on the Law of the Sea";fmally it proposes that international marine environmental regimes have big influence on China environmental protection enterprise in two principal aspects:legal regime consummation and joint pledge fulfillment. ChapterⅤis about China and the international climate regime.First,it explains why China joins the international climate regime;then it analyzes China’s function in the international climate regime,in which China’s contribution to the success of "the United Nations Climatic change Frame Joint pledge" and "the Kyoto Protocol" as well as post Kyoto agenda negotiations is emphasized;at last,it shows that the international climate regime impulse China to change old development strategy to adapt with Climate regime requests,including the joint pledge fulfillment and the plan.ChapterⅥis the conclusion part of the whole dissertation.In this chapter,I will sum up the basic concepts the present dissertation has made and make forward-looking analysis for China’s behavior and function in international regimes.更多还原