【作者】 李亮；

【导师】 王传丽；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 国际法， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 “国内支持”是WTO《农业协定》的一个特有术语。国内支持制度对一国的农业发展和农民收入保障具有极其重要的意义,因此几乎所有国家都或多或少的会对其农业进行国内支持。由于国内支持会对农产品国际贸易产生影响,WTO《农业协定》对成员方的国内支持制度建立了一定规则。我国加入世贸组织时在农业领域做了相对不利的承诺。为促进我国农业发展和农民增收,需要一个科学合理的农业国内支持制度。本文的目的即在于在根据我国农业发展的实际情况,不违背国际义务的基础上,构建我国的农业国内支持制度。为此,笔者首先分析了农业支持的经济学和法学依据,并对比了若干农业支持的形式,然后通过对WTO《农业协定》国内支持规则、若干国家的农业国内支持制度和中国农业国内支持制度的现状的分析,结合我国农业的特点提出了以农业多功能性理论构建我国农业国内支持制度的设想。全文除导言和结论外,共分四章:第一章首先探讨了政府支持农业的理由和根据,然后分析了农业支持的若干手段及其相互间关系,认为国内支持透明度较高,支持成本相对较低。在此基础上,研究了WTO《农业协定》的国内支持规则并对多哈回合国内支持规则的可能发展和中国在该回合中对国内支持议题应有的立场提出了作者自己的看法。由于多哈回合农业谈判中农业多功能性议题与国内支持议题密切相关且存在相当程度的交叉,笔者亦对农业多功能性议题做了研究。第二章在总体上分析了各国国内支持措施的使用情况,然后通过对欧共体、美国和日本等WTO发达成员和韩国、巴西和印度等发展中成员的农业国内支持法律制度的分析,试图从中发现出一些规律性的内容以为我国所借鉴。第三章首先概括了我国农业国内支持制度的现状,然后分析了目前我国农业国内支持制度的总体缺陷和具体制度所存在的问题,最后就与农业国内支持制度密切相关的农业合作组织制度和金融支农制度做了分析。第四章首先通过对农业多功能性理论和可持续发展理论的对比,认为我国应将建设多功能农业作为我国农业发展的基本战略,并以农业多功能性理论作为我国农业国内支持制度的基本理念。其次,笔者提出了构建我国农业国内支持制度必须遵守的四个原则:(1)市场调节与政府支持相协调原则;(2)适度支持原则;(3)农村区域协调发展原则;(4)符合国际义务原则。再次,笔者在农业多功能性理念的指导下,提出了构建或完善我国农业国内支持制度的具体构想。最后,笔者认为,重构我国农业国内支持制度首先要完善财政支农制度,这需要用足微量支持允许和加大绿箱支持力度;其次,完善我国农业国内支持的法律体系,最终建立以《宪法》为根本法、《农业法》为基本法、《农业国内支持法》为特别法,辅之以相关条例和实施细则以及部门规章和地方性立法的农业国内支持法律体系。此外,还需要完善国内支持制度的执行和监督管理制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a technical term and a comprehensive system,Domestic Support is very critical to the development of agriculture of any country as well as its farmer’s income.Therefore,almost every country has established a domestic support system in order to support the agriculture,more or less. Because of the possible negative impact on international trade of agricultural products,a somewhat loose discipline on domestic support was introduced into the Agreement of Agriculture(hereinafter AoA ) of WTO.Being a newly accessed member of WTO,China was obligated to make some commitments which would have an adverse influence on its agriculture,and might make its agriculture more vulnerable in the impending future.As far as it is very urgent to reconstruct a reasonable agricultural domestic support sys,tem for China,according to the status in quo of China’s agriculture,and conforming to its treaty obligations under the AoA of WTO,the author chooses it as the theme of this dissertation.Bearing this aim in mind,the author first explores the foundation of agricultural support,and gives a brief comparison among different forms of agricultural support.After an intensive analyses of the domestic support discipline provided by AoA,and then a study on the legal systems of domestic support in some of the WTO members,the author puts forward his innovative proposal on the reconstruction of China’s agricultural domestic support system,which should be based on the theory of Agricultural multi functionality.Besides the introduction and the conclusion,this dissertation includes four chapters.Chapter one first gives a brief introduction of the foundation of Agricultural support,i.e the theory of agricultural multifunctionality,of agriculture being a basis of economical development,and the theory of agriculture’s weak positon due to the nature of farming,such as cyclical prices,variable production needs,and unpredictable weather,etc. Governments generally mitigate these risks by making certain guarantees to agricultural producers.There are diverse measures which could be and have been taken to support the agriculture and the farmers.Compared with others,domestic supportive measures could be more transparent and less costly.However,exorbitant use of domestic support would make it inevitable for the introduction of other forms of agricultural support.The rules regulating the domestic support policies or measures are known as the least binding part of AoA because this part has been watered down by a number of last-minute compromises in the Uruguay Round Negotiation process.Due to the nature of imbalance,it becomes one of the focuses in the new agricultural negotiation,namely Doha Round negotiation.After an intensive exploration of the disciplines about domestic support in the AoA,the author gives some predictions on its potential development in the Doha Round process.Furthermore,taking account of its inherent linkage with the theory of agricultural multifunctionality,some attention is to be paid to the issue of agricultural multifunctionality in the Doha Round.The second chapter firstly gives a summary of the usage of various domestic supports.After that,the author makes a comparison among the legal systems of domestic support in some developed members,mainly the EC,US and Japan,and those in some developing members of WTO, namely South Korea,Brazil and India.Although it was found that we can learn a lot from these countries,a reasonable domestic support system could not be based on huge governmental expenditures or financial outlays.Moreover,it is appropriate for developing countries to spend more money than the past to support their agriculture,and to make a transition from the discriminatory agricultural policies to a more supportive one.In the third chapter,the author firstly summarizes the overall deficiencies in the present domestic support system of China.Then a detailed analyse is made as to the deficiencies of some sub-system of the domestic support system.The success of domestic support system should be accompanied by the development of the Farm’s Association and financial support system,so some issues related to the Farm’s Association and financial support system are discussed in the following part of the third chapter.The author seeks in the last chapter to reconstruct the domestic support system of China.Firstly,by the comparison between sustainable development and multifunctional development of agriculture,it is the author’s view that a multifunctional agriculture should be the fundamental pattern of China’s agriculture development and the reconstruct of China’s domestic support system should be based on the theory of multifunctionality of agriculture.Secondly,the author puts forward the principles that should be abided when reconstructing the domestic support system of China,which include,inter alia,(1) coordination of the market regulation and governmental intervention;(2) moderate support;(3) harmonizing different rural areas,with individual development levels;(4) in conformity with China’s international obligations under the WTO. Thirdly,Chinese government should make full use of the De Minimis levels of support which does not exceed 8.5%of the value of production of either the specific product or of total agricultural production,as the case may be,is not required to be included in the calculation of the Current Total AMS,and strengthen the green box support to the agriculture and the producer.Fourthly,the author pointed out that the legal system of domestic support to agriculture must be reconstructed in order to enhance the support to Chinese agriculture effectively.In this domestic support legal system,the Constitution Law is the fundamental law,and Agricultural Law or Farm Bill would be the primary law,and Agricultural Domestic Support Law is the special law which regulates the comprehensive domestic support projects,from the approval,the implementation,to the completion and the following check and final acceptance.Lastly,lots of money would be invested in the domestic support to agriculture,so a strictly supervision system should be established for the purpose of ensuring that all the financial outlay could be confined to its best utilization.更多还原