【作者】 颜飞；

【导师】 周国光；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 对运输业的管制必需以市场经济中影响企业决策的主要市场参数为调整对象。寻找提高运输市场竞争效率的管制策略,是本文研究的目的。交易治理和经济管制是经济系统的两个层面,其结果都在企业行为和市场绩效中表现出来。交易治理是企业对其生产、销售和服务模式做出的选择,经济管制是政府依据有关法律和政策对经济活动主体(主要是企业)的行为进行的限制。由于基本运输业务的规模收益不显著,当资产专用性不强、交易不确定性较高时,复合运输业务成本的弱增性就被抵消,企业既不能对基本运输业务实行内部一体化,又难以采用市场交易作为基础性的交易治理结构,这是我国运输效率不高的主要原因。运输需求具有派生性,与其本源需求相比,具有更小的价格需求弹性,这使得运输的公益性更加突出。经济管制要利用市场机制来激励企业,使运输成本持续下降,促进社会福利的增长。在短缺状态下,高速公路收费不会降低经济效率;当管制者不能直接干预企业的行为时,经济管制适用于高速公路领域。本文将政策供给的目的、对象和策略放置在具有逻辑一致性的经济理论体系中加以分析。以派生需求理论为基础,研究了运输的价格需求弹性,进而论证了运输的公益性和可行的社会公平目标;以产业经济学的产业关联理论为基础,建立了运输业的产业关联结构模型;以威廉姆森的交易费用理论为基础,研究了运输业的交易治理结构;在以上研究的基础上,结合外部规模经济理论研究了运输业的网络经济,以可竞争理论和有效竞争理论为基础,探讨了公路运输经济管制的基本策略。本文建立的运输业的产业关联结构模型、运输业的网络经济模型,以及关于运输业交易治理结构形成机制的研究结果,对整个运输业都是适用的。这些研究对若干运输经济学问题做出了新的解释。以新古典主义经济学的理论来系统地研究公路运输的经济管制,是新的研究方法。从产业关联结构和交易治理结构入手来研究运输经济,是新的视角。公路运输经济管制必需与社会管制和法制建设相结合,才能发挥作用,其本身也存在局限性。未来在该领域会更重视区域运输与通道运输的协调问题,以及运输经济的规范性研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The regulation for transportation must be done through adjusting the major market parameters that affect decision-making of enterprises in market economy. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to find regulation strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of transportation in the market.When the capital is not strongly specialized in its uses and the uncertainty of transaction is high, the small increase of the comprehensive transportation cost is often offset. Accordingly, the enterprises can neither implement integration of essential transport business, nor adopt marketing trade as the basic transaction governance structure. This is the reason why the transportation efficiency is rather low in China. Compared with its source demand, the demand of transportation possesses the features of derivation, low price elasticity and obvious public welfare. In the economic regulation, market mechanism should be used to stimulate enterprises to try their best to lower the transportation cost and enhance the increase of the public welfares. Under such circumstances, even when there is a lower pass of vehicles, the tolled fee from expressway will not lower economic efficiency, and when the administers do not directly interfere with the enterprises, the economic regulation is still applicable to expressway.On the basis of the Neoclassic Economics and its derivational disciplines, this paper analyzes the purposes, targets and strategies of policy supply within logically unanimous theoretical system. To be precise, this paper has investigated the elasticity of price demand, public welfare of transportation and feasible aim of social equality based on Marshall’s Derivation Demand Theory. It has also established the model of industrial relevance structure with the ideas of the related theory of industrial economics. The paper has explored transaction governance structure based on Williamson’s transaction cost theory. From the analysis above, this paper studies network economy of transportation in combination with external scale economic theory and discusses the basic regulation strategies of highway transportation with the competition theory and efficient competition theory.The result of this paper, including the establishment of model of industrial relevance structure, the model of network economy and the mechanism of transaction regulation, is applicable to the whole transportation industry. Besides, this study has contributed new explanations to quite a lot of problems in transportation economy. The paper presents a new method to investigate systematically economic regulation of highway transportation with the help of Neoclassic Economics, and provides a new approach to study transportation economy from the angle of industrial relevance structure and transaction governance structure.With its inherent limitation, the economic regulation of highway transportation can play its role only by combining the social management with the construction of legal system. It is suggested that in the future the standardized study of the regional transportation and transportation economy should be paid more attention to in this field.更多还原