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传统中药白背叶和鹅绒委陵菜的化学成分及生物活性研究

Studies on the Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Mallotus Apelta & Potentilla Anserine

【作者】 徐建富

【导师】 张培成; 于德泉; 陈若芸; 李帅;

【作者基本信息】 中国协和医科大学 , 药物化学, 2008, 博士

【摘要】 本论文选取了两种传统中药白背叶[Mallotus apelta(Lour.)Muell.-Arg.]和鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserine L.),对其进行了系统的化学成分及生物活性研究。白背叶[Mallotus apelta(Lour.)Muell.-Arg.]为大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)野桐属(Mallotus)植物,分布于我国广西、海南等南方地区,是我国的传统中药,用于治疗慢性肝炎、口疮、外伤出血等。我们在对白背叶进行保肝活性筛选时,发现乙醇提取物及各萃取部位均具有一定的保肝活性,其中以乙醇提取物和正丁醇部位活性为最强;抗肿瘤活性筛选发现石油醚部位具有一定的细胞毒活性。为了阐明白背叶的药效物质基础,我们对白背叶根进行了系统的化学成分研究,运用多种分离方法和波谱学技术共分离鉴定了24个化合物,包括6个香豆素苯丙素复合体类化合物、2个倍半萜类化合物、1个香豆素类化合物、1个木脂素类化合物、1个黄酮类化合物、2个酚苷类化合物、2个神经酰胺类化合物、6个三萜类化合物、3个甾醇类化合物。其中4个化合物为新化合物(M1~M3为香豆素苯丙素复合体类化合物、M7为倍半萜类化合物),M5、M8、M10-M19、M21等13个化合物为首次从野桐属中分离得到。这24个化合物是:malloapelinA(M1)、malloapelin B(M2)、malloapelin C(M3)、5’-demethylaquillochin(M4)、cleomiscosins A(M5)、cleomiscosins B(M6)、malloapelin D(M7)、dearabinosylpneumonathoside(M8)、东莨菪内酯(M9)、槲皮素(M10)、schizandriside(M11)、3-甲氧基-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖基苯甲酸(M12)、berchemolide(M13)、1-O-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-[(2-hydroxyhexadecanoyl)amido]-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol(M14)、1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8E)-2-[(2-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)amido]-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol(M15)、β-香树脂醇乙酸酯(M16)、高根二醇(M17)、lup-20(29)-en-3β,30-diol(M18)、2α-hydroxyaleuritolic acid 3-p-hydroxybenzoate(M19)、α-香树脂醇乙酸酯(M20)、油桐酸(M21)、β-谷甾醇(M22)、胡萝卜苷(M23)、豆甾醇(M24)。对香豆素苯丙素复合体类化合物的生源途径进行了初步研究,假定了一条6,7,8-三羟基香豆素与3-甲氧基咖啡醇的自由基氧化偶连的生源途程,解释了得到的香豆素苯丙素复合体类化合物旋光值为零的问题。对分离得到的3个香豆素苯丙素复合体类新化合物进行了多种生物活性筛选:保肝活性筛选结果表明,化合物M1-M3对半乳糖胺引起的大鼠肝脏内皮细胞损伤都具有一定的抑制作用,给药浓度为10-4M时抑制率分别为3.5%、11.3%、26.2%;在抗肿瘤活性筛选时,发现化合物M2对人胃癌细胞(BGC-823)具有细胞毒作用(IC50为0.74μM),化合物M3对人肺腺癌细胞(A549)和人卵巢癌细胞(A2780)均具有细胞毒作用(IC50分别为0.65和0.43μM);抗HIV活性筛选未发现化合物M1~M3具有抗病毒活性。鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserine L.)为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)委陵菜属(Potentilla)植物,分布于我国北方各省及西南的四川、云南、西藏等地,是我国的传统中药,用于治疗吐血、疟疾痈疮、脾虚腹泻等症,民间还用于治疗糖尿病。在抗糖尿病活性筛选时,发现鹅绒委陵菜乙醇提取物及各萃取部位均具有一定的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B(PTP1B)抑制活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。利用各种现代分离方法和波谱学技术,对鹅绒委陵菜进行了系统的化学成分研究,分离鉴定了53个化合物,包括23个黄酮类化合物、3个单萜类化合物、1个倍半萜类化合物、1个三萜类化合物、17个多酚类化合物、3个绿原酸衍生物、2个甾醇类化合物和3个其它类化合物。其中2个化合物(P1、P2)为新化合物,化合物P1为少见的由μ-truxinic acid基团相连接的双黄酮类化合物;化合物P2为单萜类化合物。P4~P7、P9~P13、P15~P16、P18~P19、P21~P22、P24~47、P51~P53等42个化合物为首次从委陵菜属中分离得到。这53化合物是:potentilin(P1)、2,6-dimethy1-2,3-dihydro-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-acetic acid(P2)、kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)glucopyranoside(P3)、kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(2-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)glucopyranoside(P4)、apigenin-6-C-(2″-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)(P5)、vicenin-Ⅱ(P6)、apigenin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-xylopyranoside(P7)、schaftoside(P8)、isovitexin(P9)、芦丁(P10)、quercetin-3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P11)、isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P12)、luteolin-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P13)、luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide(P14)、luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P15)、quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P16)、黄芪苷(P17)、reynoutrin(P18)、quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(P19)、isoquercitrin(P20)、quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(P21)、木樨草素(P22)、槲皮素(P23)、5,7-二羟基色原酮(P24)、loliolide(P25)、isololiolide(P26)、dehydrocomifoliol(P27)、ellagic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P28)、ellagic acid 4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside(P29)、3’-O-methylellagic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P30)、短叶苏木酚酸(P31)、短叶苏木酚(P32)、vanillic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyrano- side(P33)、picein(P34)、4-glucosyloxybenzoic acid(P35)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(P36)、咖啡酸(P37)、对羟基肉桂酸(P38)、对羟基苯甲酸(P39)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸乙酯(P49)、丁香酸(P41)、β-hydroxypropiovanillone(P42)、对羟基苯甲醛(P43)、对羟基苯乙酮(P44)、绿原酸(P45)、4-O-caffeoylquinic acid(crytochlorogenic acid,P46)、5-O-caffeoylquinicacid(neochlorogenic acid,P47)、熊果酸(P48)、β-谷甾醇(P49)、胡萝卜苷(P50)、5-羟甲基糠醛(P51)、反式丁烯二酸(P52)、琥珀酸单乙酯(P53)。运用HPLC-DAD和LC-MS分析技术,获得了鹅绒委陵菜甲醇提取物的紫外(UV)和质谱(MS)图,结合从鹅绒委陵菜乙醇提取物中分离出的53个化合物,对相关峰进行了指认,为规范鹅绒委陵菜的质量控制标准,避免该属植物由于外观形态的类似而产生混用的现象提供科学依据。药理活性筛选结果表明:(1)鹅绒委陵菜中化合物P3、P4、P10、P11、P29和P48均具有一定的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1 B(PTP1B)抑制活性,在给药浓度为10μM时,抑制率分别达到51.0、51.7、30.4、45.9、64.1和34.4%。(2)抗炎活性筛选结果显示鹅绒委陵菜乙醇提取物石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位和水部位在100mg/kg剂量皮下给药时可明显抑制巴豆油引起的小鼠耳肿胀,抑制率分别为21.8、44.9和66.4%。(3)抗肿瘤活性筛选结果显示乙酸乙酯部位对人结肠癌细胞(HCT-8)、人肝癌细胞(Bel-7402)、人胃癌细胞(BGC-823)、人肺腺癌细胞(A549)和人卵巢癌细胞(A2780)都具有细胞毒作用,IC50值分别为2.34、26.93、7.54、13.06和25.88μg/mL;石油醚部位对人肝癌细胞和人胃癌细胞具有一定的选择性细胞毒作用,其IC50值分别为19.89和17.78μg/mL;该植物中含量较高的化合物P48(熊果酸)对人肺腺癌细胞和人卵巢癌细胞也具有一定的选择性细胞毒作用,IC50值分别为0.76×10-6和0.73×10-6M。

【Abstract】 The chemical constituents and bioactivities of two traditional Chinese medicines, Mallotus apelta(Lour.)Muell.-Arg,and Potentilla anserine L.,were studied in this paper.Mallotus apelta(Lour.)Muell.-Arg.(Euphorbiaceae) is widely distributed in the south of China.Its roots and leaves are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis,ulcer,eczema and hemostasis.In our ongoing searching for hepatoprotective compounds from natural sources using rat hepatic epithetlial stem-like cells(WB-F344) with D-galactosamine as a screening system,the 70% ethanolic extract of the roots of M.apelta showed significant hepatoprotective activity. The petroleum ether soluble fraction of 70%ethanolic extract also showed moderate cytotoxic activity.In order to elucidate the bioactive components of M.apelta,we carried out the chemical investigation of the roots of M.apelta.By using various separation technologies,24 compounds were isolated.On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods,their structures were established as follows:malloapelin A(M1),malloapelin B(M2),malloapelin C(M3),5’-demethylaquillochin(M4),cleomiscosins A(M5), cleomiscosins B(M6),malloapelin D(M7),dearabinosyl pneumonathoside(M8), scopoletin(M9),quercetin(M10),schizandriside(M11),vanillic acid glucoside(M12), berchemolide(M13),1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,SZ)-2-[(2-hydroxyhexadecanoyl)amido]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol(M14),1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E, 8E)-2-[(2-hydroxyoctadcaenoyl)amido]-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol(M15),β-amyrin acetate(M16),erythrodiol(M17),1up-20(29)-en-3β,30-diol(M18),2α-hydroxyaleuritolic acid 3-p-hydroxybenzoate(M19),α-amyrin acetate(M20),aleuritolic acid (M21),β-sitosterol(M22),daucosterol(M23),stigmasterol(M24).Among them,there were three new coumarinolignoids(malloapelin A~C,M1~M3) and a new sesquiterpenoid(malloapelin D,M7).Thirteen known compounds(M5,M8,M10~M19,M21) were isolated for the first time from this species.We proposed a plausible biosynthetic pathway for M1.It arise by oxidative coupling processes between 6,7,8-trihydroxy-coumarin and 3-methoxy-caffeyl alcohol.The hepatoprotective activities of three new compounds M1-M3 were assessed by measuring their effects on the cell survival rate.All the coumarinolignoids showed inhibitory activity against D-galactosamine-induced toxicity in WB-F344 cell at 10-4M in vitro,without any obvious cytotoxic effects with inhibitory rates of 3.5,11.3 and 26.2%,respectively.The antitumor test in vitro against human tumor cell lines with MTT method indicated that M2 showed cytotoxic activity against BGC-823 with an IC50 value of 0.74μM,and M3 showed cytotoxic activity against A549 and A2780 with IC50 value of 0.65 and 0.43μM,respectively.However,in the anti-HIV test in vitro,no compounds showed obvious activities against HIV.Potentilla anserine L.(Rosaceae) has long been used as traditional Chinese medicinal herbs for anti-rheumatism,detoxification,and curing diabetes,which distributed in the north and southwest of China.In our previous biological investigations,the ethanol extracts,petroleum ether and EtOAc soluble fractions showed PTP1B andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities.By means of chromatography methods and spectral technologies,we carried out the chemical investigation of P.anserine.53 Compounds were isolated.On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods,their structures were established as follows: potentilin(P1),2,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-acetic acid(P2),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)glucop yranoside(P3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(2-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)glucopyranoside(P4), apigenin-6-C-(2"-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)(P5), vicenin-Ⅱ(P6),apigenin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-xylopyranoside(P7), schaftoside(P8),isovitexin(P9),rutin(P10),quercetin-3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P11), isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P12),luteolin-3’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P13), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide(P14),luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P15), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P16),astragalin(P17), reynoutrin(P18),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(P19),isoquercitrin(P20),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(P21), luteolin(P22),quercetin(P23),5,7-dihydroxychromone(P24), loliolide(P25),isololiolide(P26),dehydrocomifoliol(P27),ellagic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P28),ellagic acid 4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside(P29),3’-O- methylellagic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P30),brevifolincarboxylic acid(P31), brevifolin(P32),vanillic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(P33),picein(P34),4-glucosyloxybenzoic acid(P35),3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(P36),caffeic acid(P37),E-4-hydroxycinnamic acid(P38),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(P39),ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (P40),4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzoic acid(P41),β-hydroxypropiovanillone(P42), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(P43),4-hydroxyacetophenone(P44),chlorogenic acid(P45), crytochlorogenic acid(P46),neochlorogenic acid(P47),ursolic acid(P48),β-sitosterol (P49),daucosterol(P50),5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde(P51),E-2-butenedioic acid (P52),ethyl hydrogen succinate(P53).Among them,P1 was a rare new diflavonol ester ofμ-truxinic acid and P2 was a new normonoterpenoid.42 Compounds(P4~P7, P9~P13,P15~P16,P18~P19,P21~P22,P24~47,P51~P53) were isolated for the first time from this species.By using HPLC-DAD and LC-MS,we got the fingerprints of the methanol extracts of P.anserine.Some peaks of fingerprints were identified by comparing with the 53 compounds isolated from P.anserine.The PTP 1B inhibitory activities of eighteen compounds isolated from P.anserine. were evaluated.At a concentration of 10μM,P3,P4,P10,P11,P29 and P48 showed moderate PTP1B inhibitory activities with inhibitory rates of 51.0,51.7,30.4,45.9, 64.1 and 34.4%,respectively.The petroleum ether,EtOAc and aqueous soluble fractions showed anti-flammatory activities against croton oil-induced rat ear swell at a dose of 100mg/kg,with inhibitory rates of 21.8,44.9 and 66.4%,respectively.In the anticancer activities assay,the EtOAc soluble fractions showed nonselective cytotoxicty against HCT-8,Bel-7402,BGC-823,A549 and A2780,with IC50 values of 2.34、26.93、7.54、13.06 and 25.88μg/mL,respectively.The petroleum ether soluble fractions showed selective cytotoxicty against Bel-7402 and BGC-823 with IC50 values of 19.89 and 17.78μg/mL,respectively.Compound P48 also showed selective cytotoxicty against A549 and A2780 with IC50 values of 0.76×10-6 and 0.73×10-6 M, respectively.

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