【作者】 严红；

【导师】 赵曦；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 区域经济学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 创新是人类社会进步和发展的不竭动力。在知识经济和全球化背景下,创新已成为一个国家或地区竞争能力高低的决定性力量。在科技革命日新月异的今天,技术、信息、知识等创新资源瞬息万变,区域发展面临的内外部环境也在迅速发生变化,创新主体之间相互学习、优势互补、协同创新,成为提高个体和整体创新效率的重要手段。创新主体之间通过正式或非正式的联系结成网络进行创新,已成为区域提高创新能力和竞争力的战略途径。区域创新网络由企业、政府、大学、科研院所、中介机构和金融机构等结点以及这些结点之间正式或非正式的关系链组成,为知识、信息、技术、人才、资本等创新资源在创新主体之间的顺畅流动提供了一种介于层级组织和市场组织之间的理想组织模式。区域创新网络以其特有的规模经济效应、范围经济效应、节约交易成本效应、创新效应、竞争优势效应、整合效应和时间效应,为创新行为主体之间交流与合作提供了一种内生的、稳定的制度安排,非常有利于创新行为主体持续、自觉地交流与学习,实现区域创新效应的最大化。区域创新网络的健康运行与发展依赖于区域创新环境的优化与完善,只有通过制度创新、文化创新和搭建创新主体联合平台,才能使区域的网络创新效应顺利发挥,才能有效提高区域的创新能力和竞争能力。国内外成功的区域创新网络包括高新技术产业的代表——美国硅谷创新网络、传统产业的代表——“第三意大利”创新网络、大企业与中小企业纵向一体化的代表——日本丰田创新网络、成功的科学园区代表——台湾新竹创新网络以及我国高新技术产业的代表——武汉光谷创新网络,它们的产业基础和发展方式不同,但都是在正确定位政府职能、完善创新网络结点和培育区域创新文化的基础上发展起来的。成渝经济区创新网络建设应该吸取这些宝贵的经验,充分发挥政府的作用,完善网络结点和关系链,通过制度创新、文化创新等为创新网络提供支持环境。成渝经济区的经济架构主要是在解放后“一五”和“三线”建设的基础上发展起来的,经过改革开放和西部大开发的大力发展,目前虽然已经具备了企业、政府、大学、科研院所、中介机构和金融机构等创新结点,这些结点之间的联系链条也已成雏形,但成渝经济区创新网络具有计划色彩浓厚、要素配置不均和合作创新不足等特点,面临着区位条件较差、创新要素缺乏、集群发育不良、基础设施落后等制约因素和文化基础薄弱、制度约束乏力、体制障碍突出、协作机制缺失等发展难题。在我国提出建设创新型国家的战略背景下,成渝经济区加速区域创新网络建设,必须加强政府的统筹协调作用,以市场为导向,以企业为主体,建立官、产、学、研、金互相促进、协同创新的区域创新网络。成渝经济区创新网络建设包括创新结点和关系链的构建。创新结点的构建,包括建立政府创新系统、企业创新系统、集群创新系统、科研创新系统、中介创新系统和金融创新系统等内容。其中,政府创新系统的构建,关键在于大力提高政府官员素质、大力提高政府机构素质、大力推进政府依法行政、努力建设廉洁型政府,提高政府的规制水平;优化企业创新系统,关键在于树立企业自主创新的主体意识、建立企业自主创新的体制机制、营造企业自主创新的宽松环境,加强企业自主创新;集群创新系统的构建,关键在于既要重视传统产业集群创新,也要重视高新技术产业集群创新,还要加强现有产业集群内的产业整合,通过产业整合促进创新;科研创新系统包括大学创新系统和科研院所创新系统,提高大学创新能力关键在于加强大学的学科建设和人才队伍建设、建立科技创新平台和加强产学研联合;提高科研院所的创新能力,关键在于深化科研院所体制改革,运用现代企业化管理方式提高科研院所的运行效率,加强政府对非营利性科研院所的资金支持;构建中介创新系统,关键在于通过管理运行现代化、经营主体多元化、中介网络信息化和人才队伍专业化等措施,完善中介机构体系,提高中介机构的服务质量;完善金融创新系统,关键在于增强银行资金支持和完善风险投资机制,为创新主体提供充足的资金保障。成渝经济区创新网络关系链的构建,就是要充分发挥政府在统筹服务方面的主体作用,建立政府、企业、大学和科研院所、中介机构、金融机构等结点组成的官产学研金关系链。产业集群是区域创新网络关系链的有效载体和实现形式,成渝经济区创新网络关系链的构建,应该以产业集群为载体,通过政府与产业集群的关系链、政府与科研机构的关系链和产业集群与科研机构关系链的构建,形成政府、产业集群、科研机构等创新行为主体之间交流合作、协作创新的关系网络。区域创新网络的形成和有效运行依赖于区域创新环境的支撑。因此,成渝经济区创新网络建设,还需要通过制度创新、文化创新和搭建官产学研金联合平台,为成渝经济区创新网络提供重要的支持体系。加强区域制度创新,包括建立区域协作机制和加强政策扶持引导两个方面;培育区域创新文化,需要提高公民整体素质和大力弘扬创新精神;搭建官产学研金联合平台,就是要搭建交通网络平台、信息网络平台、科研网络平台和城市网络平台,为创新行为主体之间的交流与合作提供物质载体。成渝经济区创新网络建设,是推进成都、重庆统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区的新任务,是在跨行政省区构建创新网络的新探索,是在我国欠发达地区建设区域创新网络的新尝试。因此,成渝经济区创新网络建设必须加强政府协调,通过建立跨行政省市政府的协作机制,充分发挥政府在区域创新网络建设中的协调作用;必须加强资源整合,通过整合成渝经济区的知识、信息、技术、资本等创新资源,实现资源的高效利用;必须加强信息化建设,以信息化推动网络化,加速官产学研金联合平台建设;必须加大改革力度,通过改革财政、科技、文化等体制,加速完善社会主义市场经济体制,以创新为核心、以改革为动力、以开放为辅助推动成渝经济区创新网络建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 As strong propulsion and inexhaustible impetus, innovation lays the foundation for progress of human society. Under the knowledge economy and globalization trend,innovation ability has been so important mark of the national and regional competitiveness, that can decide the competitive power Ultimately. Technology, information and knowledge, with the adjustment of inner and outer situation, keep constantly changing every time. Mutual learning, complementary advantages and synergy innovation, with the establishment of formal and informal innovation network, can be the strategic approach to higher innovation efficiency, innovation ability and competitiveness for every country and region.Regional innovative network, made up of enterprises, governments, universities, research institutions, intermediary service organizations, financial institutions and relation networks among these nodes, supplies innovation subjects with an ideal organization mode between hierarchy organizations and market organizations, it help innovation resources flow freely, such as knowledge, information, technology, talent and capital. Thus, Scale economy effect, scope economy effect, transaction cost saving effect, innovation effect, competitive advantage effect, intergration effect and time-in effect bring about. An endogenous and stable institutional arrangement can be built up among subjects for their communication and cooperation, help them learn mutually, continuously and self-consciously, and make joint efforts for maximization of the regional innovation effect. Institutional innovation, cultural innovation and stable cooperation platform are necessary for constantly optimization of regional innovation environment, which positive operation and sustainable development of regional innovation network depends on.The Silicon Valley (USA) innovation network established on high technology industry, the Third Italy (Italy) innovation network educed from traditional industries, the Toyota (Japan) innovation network, grown on cooperation between large and small enterprises, the Xinzhu innovation network (Taiwan, China) built on the basis of science park and the Optical Valley innovation network (Hubei, China) developed under the government’s policy guidance, all of them confirm and tell us a successful experience: optimizing the governmental function, perfecting the network nodes and cultivating the regional innovation culture must be included in the development of Innovation Network Construction of the Chengdu-chongqing Economic Zone(CCEZ).After liberation, the First Five-year Plan and Third-front Construction had set up the main frame of the CCEZ, the reform and opening police and western development strategy prepare innovation nodes for the establishment of network, such as enterprises, governments, universities, research institutions, intermediate agencies and financial institutions. The relation links among these nodes have shown their rudiment, obvious planned economy characteristics, unfair elements disposition mode and low innovation efficiency are the main restricted factors for further development of the network. As far as the CCEZ, worse location conditions, backward infrastructure, deficient innovation elements, incomplete industry clusters, absent cooperation mechanisms together with frangible cultural basis, inefficient institutional restraint, and obvious system obstacles form the predicament of future improvement. In the context of building innovation-oriented country, the CCEZ is hope to establish its innovation network rapidly with the governments as the leading, with the market as the guidance, and with the enterprises as the main body, to set up a Chinese-featured regional innovation network that benefit the nodes improve mutually and run cooperatively.The Innovation Network Construction of CCEZ includes Innovation node construction and relation link construction. Innovation nodes are composed of government innovation system, enterprise innovation system, cluster innovation system, scientific research innovation system, intermediary innovation system and finance innovation system. Among them, for government innovation system, enhancing the government officials’quality, improving government organizations’efficiency, promoting administration by law, establishing clean governments and optimizing regulation process, all are the key to setting up an efficient government innovation system. To enhance the enterprise innovation system, enterprises are hoped to cultivate free innovation environment for independent innovation, to set up the active consciousness for independent innovation, and to establish effective mechanisms for independent innovation. During the process of cluster innovation system’s development, special attention should not only be paid to traditional industrial clusters, but high-tech industrial clusters together with industrial integration in existing industrial clusters. University innovation system and research institution innovation system form the scientific research innovation system. Disciplinary construction, talent training, innovation platform construction and enterprise-university-research institute union point out the direction for university innovation system. AS far as research institution innovation system, the key turns to deeply system reform, modern management mode and non-profit financial support from governments. Modernized management, pluralized subjects, information-based network and professional talents are the basic factors to bring about a perfect intermediary innovation system. Increasing the efficiency of banking service and consummating risk venture capital mechanism are the necessary actions to build up an efficient finance innovation system available for adequate capital guarantee.The final purpose of relation link construction in CCEZ is to set up a brand-newly government- enterprise-university-research institute-finance link with government as center and cluster as carrier. Several links between every two nodes, including governments and clusters, governments and research institutions, clusters and research institutions, together constitute the relation network among all innovation nodes.Supports from regional innovation environment concern the healthy growth and efficient operation. Institution innovation, culture innovation and union platform provide innovation network of CCEZ with strong supporting system. Inter-regional cooperation mechanism and effective policy guidance is the main direction to create regional institution innovation system. Improving the whole citizen quality and encouraging innovation spirit is the necessary methods to cultivate regional innovation culture. As far the union platform, transportation network, information network, research network with city network together put up the material carrier among nodes for their tacit exchange and cooperation. Establishment of innovation network in CCEZ can be considered as an entirely new attempt in developing areas and in cross-administration regions, especially as a new task of constructing the Chongdu-chongqing comprehensive test area for urban and rural harmonious, the governments appears so important a role during all the process. Setting up of cross-administration region coordination mechanisms is in very need and hoped to improve governmental role in overall planning and public services. Resource integration is necessary for CCEZ to make knowledge, information, technology and capital flow rationally and use effectively. Information construction is seen as the driving force for the regional innovation network. The further reform on system of finance, science and technology and culture is called for, the deeply reform on market economy system can be the powerful force for innovation network construction in CCEZ.更多还原