【作者】 王司；

【导师】 邓正隆；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 导航、制导与控制， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 世界政治格局已由两极对峙状态转化为多极化状态,因而世界各国的军事战略也随之发生了巨大的变化。随着世界局部战争的发展,世界各军事大国的军事战略由原来的以全国性的战略防御和进攻为重点逐渐转变为以战区防御和进攻为重点。而在战区军事防御和进攻中,战术制导武器扮演着重要角色。为了适应灵活性、多变性和突发性的战术特点,要求战术制导武器捷联惯导系统对准速度快,精度高,鲁棒性强。而如何解决惯导系统对准精确性和快速性之间的矛盾一直是惯性技术领域研究的难点课题。另外由于战术制导武器一般在运载体上发射,其所处的环境比较恶劣,所以其对准性能的鲁棒性也更为重要。为解决上述问题,本文将小波理论和鲁棒滤波理论应用于传递对准,取得了以下几方面的成果。针对运载体上的主惯导系统多数是平台惯导系统,它不能直接给出角速度信息的特点,提出了新的快速传递对准方案,即速度加姿态变化量匹配方案。该方案直接对主、子惯导的导航坐标系之间的失准角进行估计,次优Kalman滤波状态变量只有6个。仿真研究表明,该方案是十分有效的。提出了二次快速传递对准和三次快速传递对准的概念和方法。在此基础上给出了机载导弹空中二次快速传递对准的方法、垂直发射舰载高速导弹二次快速传递对准和三次快速传递对准的方法。三种对准方法在对准第一阶段均采用速度加姿态变化量匹配方法,完成由运载体主惯导对弹载SINS的第一次传递对准。第一次传递对准是在导弹发射之前进行的,主要完成航向对准,同时初步完成水平对准。在对准第二阶段采用速度匹配方法,完成由弹载GPS对弹载SINS的第二次传递对准。对于机载导弹的空中对准来说,第二次传递对准的任务是导弹发射后在导弹上进一步完成水平对准。对于垂直发射的舰载导弹来说,第二次传递对准是在垂直上升阶段进行的,其任务是进一步完成水平对准。而舰载导弹的第三次传递对准是在水平飞行过程中进行的,其任务是再一次进行航向对准。二次和三次快速传递对准方法极大的缩短了发射前的对准时间。深入研究了机动运动对状态变量可观测度的影响,提出了Kalman滤波器观测增强方法,进而从理论上证明了增加机动运动的强度可以提高状态变量的可观测度,并提出了提高状态变量可观测度的几种方法。以基于Krein空间的H_∞滤波理论为基础,将H_∞滤波用于快速传递对准,对滤波与Kalman滤波的估计精度对不确定噪声的鲁棒性进行了研究。结果表明,在一定的噪声不确定性范围内,Kalman滤波对于噪声的不确定性是具有一H_∞定的鲁棒性的,并且就精度而言,其鲁棒性优于H_∞滤波,但滤波的估计速度优于Kalman滤波。在此基础上提出了基于H_∞滤波与Kalman滤波联合滤波的二次快速传递对准的方法。即第一次传递对准利用H_∞滤波器估计速度快的这一优点,通过速度匹配进行水平对准;第二次对准采用Kalman滤波器通过速度加姿态变化量匹配方案进行航向对准。将基于Krein空间的鲁棒Kalman滤波器用于快速传递对准。结果表明,在有参数摄动的情况下,通过适当选择等效白噪声的强度以及鲁棒Kalman滤波器参数,鲁棒Kalman滤波器的精度鲁棒性优于标准Kalman滤波器。以小波变换和提升小波变换理论为基础,将小波滤波和提升小波滤波用于快速传递对准。提出了基于批次小波预滤波和基于批次提升小波预滤波的自适应快速传递对准方法,研究结果表明方法是十分有效的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The world politics situation has changed from the two poles confronting each other to multiple poles, and the military strategies of the countries in possession of strong military force have greatly changed. With the development of the local world wars, the military strategies of the countries in possession of strong military force have turned their military strategic emphases from countrywide strategic defense and offense to local region defense and offense. Tactical guided weapons play an important part in war region defense and offense. In order to adapt tactical guided weapons to the characteristic of agility, levity and burst tactics, it is required that the alignment of their strapdown inertial navigation systems is rapid, accurate and robust. How to deal with the conflict between the rapidity and the accuracy of inertial navigation systems has been important topic in inertial technology field for a long time. Because tactical guided weapons are commonly launched on vehicles and in bad environments, their alignment robust performance is more important. In order to solve above problem, wavelet theory and robust filtering theory are applied to transfer alignment in this dissertation. Investigation is done in the following.Because many master inertial navigation systems on vehicles are gimbaled inertial navigation systems and don’t provide angle rate, a new rapid transfer alignment approach called velocity plus attitude change matching approach is proposed. This approach direct estimates misalignment angle between master and slave inertial navigation systems and its suboptimal Kalman filter only has six state variables. Simulation shows it is very effective. The concept and approach of twice transfer alignment and thrice transfer alignment are presented. Twice rapid transfer alignment approach to the missiles carried aboard in flight, twice and thrice rapid transfer alignment approach to high-speed missiles carried on warships that are launched vertically are proposed according to the concept. All the three approaches in the first phrase employ the velocity plus attitude change matching, and perform the first time transfer alignment between master INS and slave SINS of missiles. The first time transfer alignment mainly performs azimuth alignment and primarily performs horizon alignment before missiles are launched. In the second phrase the approach employs velocity matching and performs the second time transfer alignment between GPS and SINS of missiles. For the missiles carried aboard in flight, the second time transfer alignment is carried out after the missiles are launched, and the horizon alignment is performed in the second phrase. For the high-speed missiles carried on warships that are launched vertically, the second time transfer alignment is carried out when missiles are rising and its task is to perform horizon alignment once more. The third time transfer alignment of the missiles carried on warships is carried out when the missiles are in level and straight flight, and its task is to perform azimuth alignment once more. Twice and thrice alignment approaches reduce accurate alignment time before launching the missiles.The influence of maneuver on observable degree of state variables are investigated intensively, and the approach of enhancing observable degree of the state variables in Kalman filter is proposed. Furthermore, Increasing maneuver intensity can enhance observable degree of the state variables in Kalman filter is demonstrated in theory, and several approaches of enhancing observable degree of the state variables are presented.Based on H_∞filtering theory in Krein space, H_∞filter is applied to rapid transfer alignment. The robustness of estimation accuracy of H_∞filter and Kalman filter against uncertain noise is investigated. The study result shows that within a certain range of noise uncertainty, Kalman filter has robustness against uncertain noise, and in accuracy robustness Kalman filter is superior to H_∞filter, but the estimation speed of H_∞filter is superior to Kalman filter. Based on the result, an approach to twice rapid transfer alignment based on H_∞filtering associated withKalman filtering is proposed. In the first time alignment, H_∞filter feature being taken advantage of, horizontal alignment is achieved by velocity matching. In the second time alignment, Kalman filter being used, azimuth alignment is achieved by velocity plus attitude change matching. Robust Kalman filter in Krein space is applied to rapid transfer alignment. It is showed that in the case of parameter perturbation, with the equivalent intensity of white noise and the parameters of robust Kalman filter are properly chose, the accuracy robustness of robust Kalman filter is superior to that of standard Kalman filter.Based on wavelet transform and lifting wavelet transform theory, wavelet filtering and lifting wavelet filtering are applied to rapid transfer alignment. The rapid transfer alignment approaches based on wavelet pre-filtering with batch data and lifting wavelet pre-filtering with batch data are proposed. It is showed that the proposed approaches are very effective.更多还原