【作者】 王永杰；

【导师】 贾志永；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 人、制度与经济活动(行为)三者之间的相互关系一直为人们所普遍关注。制度变迁理论的核心就是研究制度与人的行为之间的互动作用。我国改革开放30年来,计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转型使得经济得到了迅速发展。我国学者更多地关注了制度的经济增长效应,而对于人与制度(变迁)关系的研究相对较少。近年来,国家又在进行新一轮政治体制改革(如大部制改革等),再一次将制度变迁纳入政府的工作重点。在制度变迁过程中,人——弗里格斯特、姚洋所称的政治家中的关键行动者——扮演了最为重要的角色。拉坦等人的研究表明,人所具备的人文社会科学知识对制度变迁有着深远而基础性的影响。在现代条件下,教育无疑是传递文化、修习知识最主要的途径之一,人文社会科学教育是人文社会科学知识的主要供给源。从客观上讲,我国人文社会科学教育的发展并不令人满意。人文社会科学教育对制度变迁的影响的研究,相对于我国政治、经济体制改革的理论需要来讲显得有些滞后。基于现实和理论的双重需要,本文将人文社会科学教育作为制度行为人的制度能力供给源,将人文社会科学教育分工作为制度变迁的重要影响因素,揭示人文社会科学教育推动制度变迁的内在机制,以及高校人文社会科学教育对社会分工的影响,进一步拓展拉坦等人的理论假说,为高校人文社会科学教育的发展提供理论依据。本文从制度供给和社会分工的角度出发,把高校人文社会科学教育作为制度供给源和社会分工的深化工具进行分析,以期构建高校人文社会科学教育对制度变迁作用的理论模型。文章首先从制度变迁理论和分工理论两个方面回顾了国内外对于制度变迁、人文社会科学知识和分工的研究,认为制度行为人及其制度供给能力在制度变迁中发挥着重要作用,分工使得制度变迁不断深化。同时,以制度供给为主线,阐述了人文社会科学教育对制度供给,进而对制度变迁的作用机制,分析了分工对制度行为人知识结构和社会知识结构的影响,构建起高校人文社会科学教育对制度变迁作用的理论框架。其次,以制度经济学为理论依据,认为影响制度供给过程成本的行为基础在于制度供给行为主体的创新偏好、思维方式及心智模式的理性程度,而理性程度又是决定制度变迁成本能否实现最小化的重要因素。制度行为人的供给动机、供给方式与供给能力是影响制度供给最主要的因素。高校人文社会科学教育借助于四种制度变迁效应——能力效应、信息效应、动力效应与资源配置效应,通过提高制度行为人的理性程度,促进制度变迁。第三,将分工理论应用于教育分工的研究,分析了社会化分工与教育分工的相互关系,提出了高校人文社会科学知识及教育的发展促进社会变迁的路径与方式。教育分工促使社会组织结构进一步分化,提供了更多人文社会科学知识的携带者,使得社会分工中非技术性进步的人才增多,从而改善了制度供给的知识存量与结构,提高了制度变迁的有效性。第四,采用回归分析方法,对1987—2004年我国高等院校人文社会科学教育和我国制度变迁的相关性进行定量分析。统计结果显示,高校人文社会科学教育专任教师数和毕业生数对宏观经济体制转型指数影响显著,支持了理论分析结果。最后,根据实证分析结果,针对我国高等院校人文社会科学教育的发展实际情况,提出政策建议:加强人文社会科学的素质教育,提倡人文精神和科学精神的融合;保证必要的人文社会科学教育比重,建设中华民族的精神家园;继续推进高等教育教学改革,搞好人文社会科学学科建设;加强引导,营造全社会重视人文社会科学教育的氛围等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship among people, institution and economic activity (or behavior) is generally being concerned. The core of Institutional Change Theory is to research the interaction between the institution and people’s behavior. Since Chinese reform and opening up to the outside world 30 years ago, the transformation from the system of planned economy into the system of market economy enabled its economy to develop rapidly. Our scholars take more account of the institutional effect on economic growth, instead of the relationship between people and institution (change).In recent years, our country has been carrying out a new round of political reform, such as the reform of large ministry, and taking the institutional change into the focus of the work of the government. As it is known to all, human being (the key actor of politicians called by Fligstein or Yao Yang) plays the most important role in the process of institutional change. According to researches by Ruttan etc., the knowledge of humanities and social science possessed by people has a profound and fundamental effect on the institutional change. In modern conditions, an education is undoubtedly one of main approaches of expanding culture and learning knowledge, and the humanities and social science education is the main resource of the knowledge of humanities and social science. Objectively speaking, the progress on the humanities and social science education of our country is not satisfactory. The study on contribution of the humanities and social science education to institutional change lags behind theoretical demand on reforming of political and economic system in our country. Based on requirement of both reality and theory, this paper takes the humanities and social science education as an institutional ability source of institutional actors, and takes the division of work on humanities and social science education as the important factor to institutional change. And we reveal the internal mechanism of institutional change induced by humanities and social science education, and the effects of social division of labor caused by the humanities and social science education in university. Furthermore, we develop theoretical hypotheses of Ruttan and so on and provide a certain theoretical evidence for the development of humanities and social science education in university. In this paper, we analyze the humanities and social science education in university from institutional supply and social division of work to analysis from the insight of the institutional change supplier and the social division of labor, and expect to design a theoretical model that demonstrates the effect of humanities and social science education in university on the institutional change.Firstly, the paper reviews the researches at home and abroad on the institutional change, knowledge of humanities and social science and division of labor from two aspects of institutional change theory and division of labor theory. We argue that the institutional actor and the institutional supply capability play a crucial role in the institutional change, and that the division of labor makes the institutional change deeper continuously. Meanwhile, taking the institutional supply as the mainline, we present the mechanism of the humanities and social science education to the effective supply of institutional change under the actuation of this kind of supply, and analyze the effect of the division of labor to the knowledge construction of institutional actor and society. Thus, we propose a theoretical framework that demonstrates the effect of humanities and social science education in university on the institutional change.Secondly, this paper takes the Institutional Economics as the theoretical basis and holds that the behavioral foundation based on the cost of process of institutional supply depends on the rationality degree of innovation preference, thinking habits and mental model of behavioral main bodies of supplying the institution, and to a certain extent of rationality is also the vital elements to determine the cost of institutional change whether or not to be at least. The supply motivation, the supply way and capability is the most important factor to effect the institutional supply. The humanities and social science education in university resorts to four kinds of effects of institutional change: capability effect, information effect, motive effect and resource allocation effect. Through improving the rationality degree of institutional actors, the effective institutional change can be pushed forward.Thirdly, through applying of the division of labor theory on the educational division, we analyze the interrelation between two of the division, and present the path and way of institutional change promoted by the humanities and social science knowledge in university and the development of education. The educational division of labor makes the social organizational construction further to divide, and provides more carriers of humanities and social science knowledge. Accordingly, there are more quantities of talents of non-technological improvement in social division of labor to make better the knowledge stock and construction of institutional supply, thus to improve the effectiveness of institutional change.Fourthly, using method of regression analysis, we analyze quantitatively the correlation between the humanities and social science education on universities and colleges and institutional change of our country during the period from 1987 to 2004. Statistics show that the teachers and graduates from humanities and social science education have quite an impact on Macro-economic institutional change, supporting the theory analysis.Lastly, according to the result of empirical analysis, aimed at the actual development of humanities and social science education on universities and colleges of our country, we conclude and provide some policy suggestions: strengthening quality oriented education of humanities and social science and advocating the integration of human spirit and science spirit; assuring the essential proportion of humanities and social science education and constructing the spiritual home of Chinese nationality; keeping on promoting the teaching reform of higher education and doing well the subject construction of humanities and social science; reinforcing guidance and creating the atmosphere that all of the society pay attention to the humanities and social science education, etc..更多还原