【作者】 鞠建永；

【导师】 徐德鸿；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 以谐波抑制、无功补偿为主要功能的有源电力滤波器的基本理论已经成熟,但是市场尚无成熟的谐波有源抑制产品,同时电网谐波问题日益突出,因此需要对有源电力滤波器进行产业化应用研究。并联有源电力滤波器以其安装、维护方便,成为商用化产品的主流。所以本文针对并联有源电力滤波器,展开产业化应用研究。本文研究工作首先由如下工程问题引出:并联有源电力滤波器在补偿办公楼电气负载产生的谐波电流时,会出现谐波放大现象。办公楼电气负载主要是计算机、开关电源、不间断电源、电压型变频器等,这些都是电压型谐波源。本文以电容滤波型整流电路(电压型谐波源)的分析作为切入点,基于“分段线性化”方法,对并联有源电力滤波器补偿电容滤波型整流负载进行了稳态分析,得到系统的电流和电压波形,进而获得其频谱特性。通过本文所述稳态分析方法,可以从理论上理解并联有源电力滤波器补偿电容滤波型整流负载的工作过程,对有源电力滤波器的应用研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文在分析办公楼负载电气特性的基础上,建立了有源电力滤波器补偿容性负载的简化模型,依据该模型分析了负载中容性元件的电容值与谐波电流放大之间的关系;为了克服谐波放大现象,本文首先通过负载电流采样环节后加装滤波器的方式,将电流谐振频率分量从采样值中滤除,虽然达到了抑制谐波放大的目的,但是由于延时的引入,使得补偿后网侧电流畸变率(THD)急剧升高;然后根据这一思路,采用基于快速傅立叶变换(FFT)的有选择谐波补偿方法将电流谐振频率分量从负载电流采样值中滤除,使得系统在谐振频率处变为开环控制,使系统稳定。经过对办公楼负载的实际并网谐波补偿实验证明基于FFT的有选择谐波补偿方法对于抑制谐波放大是有效的。本创新点的研究工作对于实际工程应用具有参考价值。为了满足大容量的谐波抑制要求,本文提出了模块化有源电力滤波器并联补偿方案,该方案的特点是模块化结构及N+1冗余并联控制策略、主从总线结构及主机产生、负载电流检测方案以及并联均流策略。主机产生及负载电流检测是这一并联方案的突出特点,体现了本文的创新性工作。本文还对多模块并联系统进行了建模和稳定性研究;依据模块化并联补偿方案,在省科技计划重点项目的支持下,对有源电力滤波器进行产业化研究,从项目方案、设计、器件选型、样机调试、满功率运行及性能检测、楼宇负载与工业负载的实际并网实验,直至工业样机定型,对有源电力滤波器的产业化应用研究起了较大的推进作用,支撑项目目前已经有定型的工业化产品推出。全文围绕上述三个方面展开,章节分排如下:(1)第一章从实际应用角度,总结阐述了有源电力滤波技术在谐波检测、电流跟踪控制、拓扑结构三个方面的研究进展;(2)第二章对并联有源电力滤波器补偿电容滤波型整流负载进行了稳态分析;(3)第三章分析了有源电力滤波器补偿容性负载时出现的谐波放大现象,并利用FFT方法使得系统在谐振频率处变为开环控制,达到抑制谐波放大的目的;(4)第四章、第五章提出有源电力滤波器模块化并联方案,并详细说明了模块化并联系统的设计和实验;(5)第六章对全文进行了总结,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Active Power Filter (APF) with the goal of harmonic inhibition and reactive power compensation is already basically mature. At the same time, the problem of power harmonic becomes more and more severe. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out industrialized and applied research about APF. Shunt APF becomes mainstream due to its convenience in installation and maintenance. So, the industrialization of shunt APF is studied in this dissertation.The research developed by this dissertation is induced by the engineering problem that harmonic amplification occurs when a conventional shunt APF compensates harmonic current generated by electric apparatus in office building. The electric loads in office building are mainly made up of personal computers, UPSs, switching mode power supplies and ac drives which are all voltage-type harmonic sources. The dissertation starts with the analysis of voltage-source rectifier. It is analyzed the steady state currents, voltages and their spectrums of uncontrolled single-phase voltage-source rectifier compensated by shunt APF based on piecewise linearization method. The method of steady-state analysis illuminated by this dissertation is helpful to understand theoretically the working mechanism of APF compensating voltage-source rectifier and has important significance in the applied research of APF.A simplified model of APF compensating capacitive load is modeled on the base of analyzing the characteristics of electric loads inside office building. By this simplified model, it is analyzed in this dissertation that the relationship between the value of capacitor in office load and the harmonic amplification. The harmonic amplification can be overcome by a filter added to the load current sampling to get rid of the component on resonance frequency. Although the harmonic amplification is suppressed, the THD of power grid current increases rapidly as a result of delay time introduced. According to this way, the selective harmonic compensation based on fast fourier transformation (FFT) is adopted to eliminate the resonant component from the sampled load current. So, the system will work under open-loop control upon resonance frequency and keeps resilient. The selective harmonic compensation based on FFT is proved effective to suppress the harmonic amplification by field operation of shunt APF compensating harmonic current generated by electric load in office building. This part work developed by the dissertation has reference value for field operation of shunt APF.In order to meet the harmonic compensation in high power level application, this dissertation presents the multi-modular APF system for shunt compensation whose characteristics are presented as follows: modular structure and N+1 redundancy, master-slave bus architecture and master module generation, load current detection and parallel sharing scheme. Master module generation and load current detection scheme are the prominent characteristics and illuminate the innovational work developed by this dissertation. Besides, model and stability of multi-modular APF system have also been studied. According to multi-modular parallel compensation strategy, industrialization of APF has been fulfilled under the support of Zhejiang province science & technology program key project which includes general plan design, parameter determination, prototype commissioning, full power operation, performance test, field compensation of harmonic current generated by building electronic equipments or industrial electric loads, industrial prototype standardization and so on. This part of work fulfilled by the dissertation promotes the industrialized application of shunt APF greatly and some standardized industrial APF products have been hatched by the project.The contents include three aspects mentioned above and the chapters are arranged as follows: (1) In chapter one, the research progress is summarized in harmonic detection, current tracking control and topology from view of practical application. (2) In chapter two, it is analyzed the steady state currents and voltages of uncontrolled single-phase voltage-source rectifier compensated by shunt APF. (3) In chapter three, the harmonic amplification when a conventional shunt APF compensates harmonic current generated by electric apparatus in office building is analyzed. The selective harmonic compensation based on FFT method is adopted to suppress the harmonic amplification by making the system under open-loop control in resonance frequency. (4) In chapter four and chapter five, the parallel compensation strategy of multi-modular APF system is illuminated. The design procedure and experiment results are also presented. (5) In chapter six, the thesis is summarized and the prospect of future work is illuminated.更多还原