【作者】 易永辉；

【导师】 曹一家；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 IEC 61850是TC57发布的、迄今为止最为完善的变电站系统及通信标准,实现基于IEC 61850标准的数字化变电站对于我国变电站的自动化运行和管理将带来深远的影响和变革。与以往的通信协议相比,IEC 61850技术体系庞大而且复杂,其本身及其所用技术又处于不断发展之中;变电站自动化系统作为复杂的、综合性很高的系统性工程,包含众多的设备和子系统,各功能、子系统之间存在着不同程度的关联,因此IEC 61850标准应用于实际工程仍有许多工作有待深入研究。如,符合IEC61850标准的IED对软件方案及开发手段有新的要求;变电站内不满足IEC 61850标准的遗留系统、遗留IED如何接入、遗留系统通信网络如何改造;变电站应用系统林立,如何消除信息孤岛以实现有效的信息整合等。本文首先介绍了IEC 61850标准的特征内涵及国内外的研究、应用现状,然后提出了一种遵循IEC 61850标准的集中式IED设计方案;设计了一种将遗留IED转换为支持IEC 61850标准的通用网关实现方法;设计了一种遵循IEC 61850标准的IED图形化开发方法;研究设计了基于IEC 61850标准的变电站信息一体化方案并在上海某变电站工程现场试点应用等。最后,总结全文并展望了今后的研究方向。全文主要内容如下:第一章介绍了IEC 61850标准的制定背景、标准主要特征内涵及国内外当前对IEC 61850标准的研究及应用现状,分析了其推广实施过程中现有的主要技术障碍、待研究问题。在该章最后,介绍本文的主要内容、创新点和章节安排。第二章分析现有基于分层分布式自动化设计思想的IED在遵循IEC 61850标准上的局限性,提出一种面向变电站整体功能、遵循IEC 61850标准的新型集中式IED的设计方案,在一台具有强大网络接口功能的新型集中式IED上实现现有多台间隔层IED所完成的功能,即每个现有IED在新型集中式IED中被抽象成为一个逻辑设备(LD),每个LD保持功能上的相对独立性、配置的灵活性并通过统一的通信接口与其它设备进行交互。研究了其软、硬件设计中的关键技术,它融合了分布式与集中式的优点,能显著降低变电站自动化系统的整体成本并减少网络节点、利于不同LD间协同,利于遵循IEC 61850标准的变电站自动化技术的推广实施。第三章分析了IEC 61850标准基于对象模型的设计思想,为实现IEC 61850的各种通信服务以及产品功能,确保互操作性的实现,IED的软件结构、对外接口特性、数据结构体系有其特殊性、复杂性,对IED软件实现的技术手段要求更高。设计了一种图形化编程技术的IED开发方法,它基于IEC 61850标准,遵循IEC61131-3编程标准,因此不仅具有常规图形化编程的优点,而且提升了IED外在形态、内在形态的标准性。设计了具体的IED软件方案,研究了图形化编程与IED数据存储区的参数关联方法,为推进产品编程开发手段的灵活性、标准化,提高产品互换性提供了详细解决方案。第四章针对间隔层大量遗留的、不满足IEC 61850的IED,提出一种新颖的协议映射方法--可扩展置标语言模式(XML Schema)元数据映射方法,基于该方法设计了一种通过配置文件将间隔层遗留IED灵活配置成支持IEC 61850的通用网关,该方法将遗留IED的协议与IEC 61850标准的映射模型通过配置文件方式载入IEC61850通用网关,从而实现遗留IED协议的灵活转换而具有通用性。第五章提出一种遵循IEC 61850标准的面向一次对象统一建模的变电站信息一体化方案以消除信息孤岛。面向未来的自动化系统可采用基于强大的硬件平台的、遵循IEC 61850标准的多功能集成式IED方案,即一个一次对象对应一台(或多台以冗余)多功能IED以实现原来多个应用系统分别对应的多台IED所完成的功能;对当前遗留系统众多的变电站则在各应用系统之上增加信息一体化平台以接入不同应用系统及IED,它统一对外通信硬件接口,统一对外发布生产及管理信息,确保信息的一致性。重点对该平台模型的动态建模、异构系统概念对象模型的协同、异构系统模型数据的适配等关键技术进行了分析研究。第六章将本文的部分研究成果应用于实际工程。在上海某110kV变电站进行了基于IEC 61850标准的变电站信息一体化平台实施,接入了多个应用系统。该章详细介绍了其平台组成、建模步骤、软硬件方案、性能指标等关键技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 IEC 61850 is so far the most perfect international standard of communication network and system in substation published by IEC TC57. It will bring profound effect and reform to the operation and management of substation automation in China to realize digital substation. Compared with previous communication protocols, IEC 61850 has a huge and complicated technical system. Moreover, IEC 61850 itself and its application technologies are in continuous developing; as a complicated and systematic project with high comprehensiveness, Substation Automation System (SAS) consists of numerous devices and subsystems, at the same time, there are different degrees of correlation among these functions and subsystems. Thus, many deep researches are needed for IEC 61850’s application in practical project. Many difficult problems need to be solved,such as new requirements for software scheme and development means of IED conformed to IEC 61850, how to access legacy systems and IEDs unable to conformed to IEC 61850, how to transform legacy communication network, and how to eliminate isolated island of information and to realize effective information integration, etc.In this dissertation, characteristic and connotation of IEC 61850, domestic and international research status are introduced first; A design scheme of centralized IED based on IEC 61850 is proposed later; General gateway for legacy IED to support IEC 61850 is designed, and graphic oriented development means for IED based on IEC 61850 is developed; Information Integration Platform (IIP) and its pilot site implementation in Shanghai Grid are described. At last, summary and prospect of future sduty is put forward. Main contents of this dissertation are as follows.In the first chapter, formulating background, main characteristics and present status of IEC 61850 study and application, both domestic and oversea, are introduced. Meanwhile, main technical obstacles and prevalent research problems in implementation and popularization process are analyzed. At last, the main content, innovation and chapter arrangement are stated.In the second chapter, limitations for existing IEDs based on the idea of hierarchical distributed automation to be conformed to IEC 61850 is analyzed, and then, substation global function oriented design scheme of NCIED conformed to IEC 61850, is proposed. Several existing IEDs on bay level are replaced by one NCIED with strong network interface function, which means that each existing IED is abstracted as a logical protection and control unit, named as logical device (LD). Every LD has its own functions independently and communicates with other IED through unified interface. Key technologies of software and hardware design have been studied. With the advantages of distribution and centralization, the total cost of SAS and network nodes is decreased significantly by using NCIED. It is beneficial to the coordination of different LDs and also to popularization and implementation of SAS, conformed to IEC 61850.In the third chapter, a design idea of IEC 61850 based on object model is analyzed. In order to realize communication services of IEC 61850 and ensure interoperability, software structure, external interface characteristic, and data structure of IED have its own speciality and complexity. Because of that, an advanced development tool is required for realization of IED software. A solution based on IEC 61850 is proposed in this chapter, which develops IEDs by means of IEC61131-3 standard based graphic oriented programming technique, speeds up IED software’s development and enhances software’s openness as well as other advantages owned by conventional graphic oriented programming technique. A software scheme is proposed and some key technologies, such as the parameter association between graphic oriented programming interface and IED’s data memory, are researched. The solution is propitious to improve the flexibility of development and research, standardization and interchangeability of IEDs.In the fourth chapter, considering huge amount of legacy IEDs which are not conformed to IEC 61850, a new protocol-mapping method, named metadata-mapping using XML Schema technology to model metadata of protocol and protocol-mapping, is proposed. Then a configurable architecture of IEC 61850 gateway by metadata mapping is designed. The gateway loads files of the metadata models to realize mapping between different legacy protocols and IEC 61850. The novel gateway has generality because of flexible protocol conversion by configuration files.In the fifth chapter, an information integration platform (IIP ), conformed to IEC 61850 using primary object oriented unified modeling, is proposed. Substation automation system faced to the future could use integrated IEDs based on IEC 61850, that is, one (or more than one as redundancy) multifunction IED corresponding to one primary object realizes functions; previously realized by several IEDs corresponding to several systems. For substation with many legacy systems, IIP above every application system could be adopted to access application systems and IEDs. The IIP unifies external hardware interface and releases production and management information in a unified way, thus ensures information consistency. Key technologies, such as dynamic modeling of platform model, coordination of concept object model of heterogeneous systems, adaptation of model data of heterogeneous systems, have been studied.In the sixth chapter, as an example of utilizing partial research results in practical project, an IIP is put into implementation in an 110kV substation in Shanghai. The IIP has accessed several main systems. Several key technologies of the IIP are described in this chapter, such as architecture of the platform, step of modeling, software and hardware scheme, performance index, and so on.更多还原